part 141 - Pilot School

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GACA
العربيه العامه للطيران المضني
General Authority of Civil Aviation
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 141 - Pilot Schools
SUBPART A – GENERAL
§ 141.1 Applicability. 4
§ 141.3 Certificate and Operations Specifications Required. 4
§ 141.5 Eligibility and Requirements for a Pilot School Certificate. 4
§ 141.7 Provisional Pilot School Certificate. 5
§ 141.9 Examining Authority. 5
§ 141.11 Pilot School Ratings. 5
§ 141.13 Application for Issuance, Amendment, or Renewal. 6
§ 141.15 Duration of Certificate and Examining Authority. 7
§ 141.17 Carriage of Psychoactive Substances. 7
§ 141.19 Safety Management Systems. 8
§ 141.21 Certificate Holder's Duty To Maintain Operations Specifications. ·8
§ 141.23 Contents of Operations Specifications. 8
§ 141.25 Amending Operations Specifications. 9
§ 141.27 Display of Certificate. 9
§ 141.29 Inspections. 10
§ 141.31 Advertising Limitations. 10
§ 141.33 Business Office and Operations Base. 10
§ 141.35 Training Agreements. 11
§ 141.37 Renewal of Certificates and Ratings. 11
SUBPART B – PERSONNEL, AIRCRAFT, AND FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS
§ 141.47 Applicability. 13
§ 141.49 Personnel. 13
§ 141.51 Chief Instructor Qualifications. 15
§ 141.53 Chief Instructor Responsibilities. 17
§ 141.55 Change of Chief Instructor. 18
§ 141.57 Assistant Chief Instructor Qualifications. 19
§ 141.59 Check Instructor Qualifications. 21
§ 141.61 Aerodromes. 22
§ 141.63 Aircraft. 23
§ 141.65 Flight Simulation Training Devices, Aviation Training Devices, and....25 Training Aids.
§ 141.67 Pilot Briefing Areas. 26
§ 141.69 Ground Training Facilities. 27
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العربيه العامه للطيران المضي
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
SUBPART C – MANUAL REQUIREMENTS
§ 141.79 General. 28
§ 141.81 Manual Contents. 28
SUBPART D – QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
§ 141.91 Quality Assurance System. 30
§ 141.93 Quality of Training. 30
SUBPART E – TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE AND CURRICULUM
§ 141.103 Applicability. 31
§ 141.105 Approval Procedures for a Training Course: General. 31
§ 141.107 Training Course: Contents. 32
§ 141.109 Special Curriculums. 34
SUBPART F – EXAMINING AUTHORITY
§ 141.119 Applicability. 35
§ 141.121 Examining Authority Qualification Requirements. 35
§ 141.123 Privileges. 36
§ 141.125 Limitations and Reports. 36
SUBPART G – OPERATING RULES
§ 141.135 Applicability. 39
§ 141.137 Privileges. 39
§ 141.139 Aircraft Requirements. 39
§ 141.141 Limitations. 39
§ 141.143 Flight Training. 40
§ 141.145 Ground Training. 41
§ 141.147 Maintenance of Personnel, Facilities, and Equipment. 41
§ 141.149 Satellite Base. 42
§ 141.151 Enrollment. 42
§ 141.153 Graduation Certificate. 43
SUBPART H - RECORDS
§ 141.161 Electronic Recordkeeping. 45
§ 141.163 Training Records. 46
APPENDIX A TO GACAR PART 141 – PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATION……48
COURSE
APPENDIX B TO GACAR PART 141 – INSTRUMENT RATING COURSE 65
APPENDIX C TO GACAR PART 141 – COMMERCIAL PILOT....70
CERTIFICATION COURSE
APPENDIX D TO GACAR PART 141 – AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT...... 89
CERTIFICATION COURSE
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
APPENDIX E TO GACAR PART 141 – FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR...... 94
CERTIFICATION COURSE
APPENDIX F TO GACAR PART 141 – FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR...... 102
INSTRUMENT (FOR AN AIRPLANE, HELICOPTER, OR POWERED-LIFT
INSTRUMENT INSTRUCTOR RATING, AS APPROPRIATE)
CERTIFICATION COURSE
APPENDIX G TO GACAR PART 141 – GROUND INSTRUCTOR......105
CERTIFICATION COURSE
APPENDIX H TO GACAR PART 141 – ADDITIONAL AIRCRAFT……107
CATEGORY AND/OR CLASS RATING COURSE
APPENDIX I TO GACAR PART 141 – AIRCRAFT TYPE RATING COURSE,....131
FOR OTHER THAN AN AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT CERTIFICATE
APPENDIX J TO GACAR PART 141 – SPECIAL PREPARATION COURSES 137
APPENDIX K TO GACAR PART 141 – PILOT GROUND SCHOOL COURSE 141
APPENDIX L TO GACAR PART 141 – COMBINED PRIVATE PILOT....142
CERTIFICATION AND INSTRUMENT RATING COURSE
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
SUBPART A - GENERAL
§ 141.1 Applicability.
(a) This Part prescribes the requirements for issuing pilot school certificates, provisional pilot school certificates, associated ratings, and operations specifications. This Part also prescribes the general operating rules, limitations, and privileges applicable to a holder of a certificate or rating issued under this Part, including the issuance of graduation certificates as necessary to meet eligibility, renewal, or recent experience requirements for a pilot certificate under General Authority of Civil Aviation Regulation (GACAR) Part 61.
(b) This Part is not applicable to training organizations for unmanned aircraft systems under GACAR Part 107.
§ 141.3 Certificate and Operations Specifications Required.
Except for ultralight vehicle operator schools, no person may operate a pilot school without, or in violation of, a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate and operations specifications issued under this part.
§ 141.5 Eligibility and Requirements for a Pilot School Certificate.
The President may issue a pilot school certificate with the appropriate ratings if, within the 24 months before the date application is made, the applicant—
(a) Completes the application for a pilot school certificate on the form and in the manner prescribed by the President;
(b) Meets the applicable requirements under Subparts A through C of this part for the certificate and associated ratings sought;
(c) Has held a provisional pilot school certificate;
(d) Has established a pass rate of 80 percent or higher on the first attempt for all knowledge tests leading to a certificate or rating, practical tests leading to a certificate or rating, or end of course tests for an approved training course specified in Appendix J to this part; and
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General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(e) Has graduated at least 10 different people from the school's approved training courses.
§ 141.7 Provisional Pilot School Certificate.
An applicant that meets the applicable requirements of Subparts A, B, and C of this part, but does not meet the recent training activity requirements of GACAR §§ 141.5(c) through (e), may be issued a provisional pilot school certificate with ratings.
§ 141.9 Examining Authority.
The President issues examining authority to a pilot school holding a certificate issued under GACAR § 141.5 with respect to a training course if the pilot school and the training course meet the requirements of Subpart F of this part.
§ 141.11 Pilot School Ratings.
(a) The ratings listed in paragraph (b) of this section may be issued to an applicant for—
(1) A pilot school certificate, provided the applicant meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.5; or
(2) A provisional pilot school certificate, provided the applicant meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.7.
(b) A pilot school may be authorized to conduct the following courses:
(1) Certification and rating courses. (Appendixes A through I and L to this part).
(i) Private pilot course,
(ii) Commercial pilot course,
(iii) Instrument rating course,
(iv) Airline transport pilot (ATP) course,
(v) Flight instructor course,
(vi) Flight instructor instrument course,
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(vii) Ground instructor course,
(viii) Additional aircraft category or class rating course,
(ix) Aircraft type rating course, and
(x) Combined private pilot certification and instrument rating course.
(2) Special preparation courses. (Appendix J to this part).
(i) Pilot refresher course,
(ii) Flight instructor refresher course,
(iii) Ground instructor refresher course, and
(iv) Special operations course.
(3) Pilot ground school course. (Appendix K to this part).
§ 141.13 Application for Issuance, Amendment, or Renewal.
(a) Application for an original certificate and rating, an additional rating, or the renewal of a certificate under this part must be made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the President.
(b) Application for the issuance or amendment of a certificate or rating must be accompanied by a copy of each proposed training course curriculum for which approval is sought.
(c) The President may suspend, revoke, or amend any certificate issued under this part if—
(1) The President determines that aviation safety and the public interest requires the suspension, revocation, or amendment; or
(2) The certificate holder applies for the amendment and the President determines that aviation safety and the public interest allows the amendment.
(d) When the President proposes to amend, suspend, modify, or revoke all or part of any certificate, the procedure in SUBPART F of GACAR Part-13 applies.
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(e) When the certificate holder applies for an amendment of its certificate, the following procedure applies:
(1) The certificate holder must file an application to amend its certificate with the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) at least 15 working days before the date proposed by the applicant for the amendment to become effective, unless the President approves filing within a shorter period.
(2) The application must be submitted in the form and manner prescribed by the President.
(3) When a certificate holder seeks reconsideration of a decision from the President concerning amendments of a certificate, the procedures in GACAR Part 13 apply.
§ 141.15 Duration of Certificate and Examining Authority.
(a) General. The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate issued under this part may not exercise the privileges of that certificate after it expires.
(b) A pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate issued under this part is valid:
(1) Until the date as endorsed on the certificate; or
(2) Until the certificate is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
(c) A change in the ownership of a pilot school does not terminate that school's certificate if—
(1) At least 10 working days before the date that any change in ownership of the school occurs application is made for an appropriate amendment to the certificate; and
(2) No change in the facilities, personnel, or approved training courses is involved.
(d) An examining authority issued to the holder of a pilot school certificate expires on the date that the pilot school certificate expires, or is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
§ 141.17 Carriage of Psychoactive Substances.
If the holder of a certificate issued under this part permits any aircraft owned or leased by that holder to be engaged in any operation that the certificate holder knows to be in violation of
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
GACAR § 91.23, that operation is a basis for suspending or revoking the certificate.
§ 141.19 Safety Management Systems.
(a) A person applying to the President for pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate under this part must demonstrate, as part of the application process under GACAR § 141.13, that it has a safety management system (SMS) that meets the standards set forth in GACAR Part 5 and is acceptable to the President.
(b) Pilot schools certificated under this part must have and maintain an SMS that meets the requirements of GACAR Part 5 and is acceptable to the President.
§ 141.21 Certificate Holder's Duty To Maintain Operations Specifications.
(a) Each certificate holder must maintain a complete and separate set of its operations specifications at its principal operations base.
(b) Each certificate holder must insert pertinent excerpts of, or references to, its operations specifications into its manual and must—
(1) Clearly identify each such excerpt as a part of its operations specifications and
(2) State that compliance with the operations specifications is mandatory.
(c) Each certificate holder must keep each of its employees and other persons used in its operations informed of the provisions of its operations specifications that apply to that employee's or person's duties and responsibilities.
§ 141.23 Contents of Operations Specifications.
Each certificate holder must obtain operations specifications containing all of the following:
(a) The specific location of the certificate holder's principal operations base and, if different, the address that will serve as the primary point of contact for correspondence between the GACA and the certificate holder;
(b) The type of aircraft, registration markings, and serial numbers of each aircraft used for flight training;
(c) The flight training programs offered by the certificate holder;
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(d) The authorizations, limitations, and certain procedures under which each flight training program is to be conducted;
(e) Any other item the President determines is necessary.
§ 141.25 Amending Operations Specifications.
(a) The President may suspend, revoke, amend, or modify any operations specifications issued under this part if—
(1) The President determines that aviation safety and the public interest require the amendment or
(2) The certificate holder applies for the amendment, and the President determines that aviation safety and the public interest allow the amendment.
(b) When the President initiates a suspension, revocation, or amendment of a certificate holder's operations specifications, the procedure in GACAR § 13.19 applies.
(c) When the certificate holder applies for an amendment to its operations specifications, the following procedure applies:
(1) The certificate holder must file an application to amend its operations specifications at least 15 days before the date proposed by the applicant for the amendment to become effective, unless a shorter time is approved.
(2) If the GACA approves the amendment, following coordination with the certificate holder regarding its implementation, the amendment is effective on the date the President approves it.
(3) When a certificate holder seeks reconsideration of a decision from the President concerning suspension, revocation, or amendment of a certificate, the procedures in GACAR Part 13 apply.
§ 141.27 Display of Certificate.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must display that certificate in a place in the school that is normally accessible to the public and is not
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
obscured.
(b) A certificate must be made available for inspection upon request by—
(1) The President,
(2) An authorized representative of the Aviation Investigation Bureau (AIB), or
(3) Any law enforcement agency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
§ 141.29 Inspections.
Each holder of a certificate issued under this part must allow the President to inspect its personnel, facilities, equipment, and records to determine the certificate holder's compliance with the GACAR.
§ 141.31 Advertising Limitations.
(a) The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate may not make any statement relating to its certification and ratings that is false or designed to mislead any person contemplating enrollment in that school.
(b) The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must promptly remove—
(1) From vacated premises, all signs indicating that the school was certificated by the President; or
(2) All indications (including signs), wherever located, that the school is certificated by the President when its certificate has expired or has been surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
§ 141.33 Business Office and Operations Base.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must maintain a principal business office with a mailing address in the business name shown on its certificate.
(b) The facilities and equipment at the principal business office must be adequate to maintain the files and records required to operate the business of the school.
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(c) The principal business office may not be shared with, or used by, another pilot school.
(d) Each holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must maintain at least one operations base which may be at the same location as its principle business office.
(e) Before changing the location of the principal business office or the principal operations base, each certificate holder must notify the President of the new location, and the notice must be—
(1) Submitted in writing at least 30 working days before the change of location and
(2) Accompanied by any amendments needed for the certificate holder's approved training course outline.
(f) A certificate holder may conduct training at an operations base other than its principal operations base in accordance with GACAR § 141.149.
§ 141.35 Training Agreements.
A training center certificated under GACAR Part 142 may provide the training, testing, and checking for pilot schools certificated under GACAR Part 141, and is considered to meet the requirements of GACAR Part 141, provided—
(a) There is a training, testing, and checking agreement between the certificated training center and the pilot school;
(b) The training, testing, and checking provided by the certificated training center is approved and conducted under GACAR Part 142;
(c) The pilot school certificated under GACAR Part 141 obtains the President's approval for a training course outline that includes the portion of the training, testing, and checking to be conducted under GACAR Part 141 and the training, testing, and checking to be conducted under GACAR Part 142; and
(d) Upon completion of the training, testing, and checking conducted under GACAR Part 142, a copy of each student's training record is forwarded to the GACAR Part 141 school and becomes part of the student's permanent training record.
§ 141.37 Renewal of Certificates and Ratings.
GACAR Part 141
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(a) Pilot school holding a pilot school certificate—
(1) A pilot school holding a pilot school certificate issued under GACAR § 141.5 may apply for renewal of its certificate and ratings within 30 days preceding the month the pilot school’s certificate expires, provided the school meets the requirements prescribed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section for renewal of its certificate and ratings.
(2) A pilot school holding a pilot school certificate issued under GACAR § 141.5 may have its certificate and ratings renewed for an additional 24 months if the President determines the school’s personnel, aircraft, facility and aerodrome, approved training courses, training records, and recent training ability and quality meet the requirements of this part.
(3) A pilot school that does not meet the renewal requirements in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, may apply for a provisional pilot school certificate if the school meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.7.
(b) Pilot school holding a provisional pilot school certificate—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, a pilot school holding a provisional pilot school certificate issued under GACAR § 141.7 may not have that certificate or the ratings on that certificate renewed.
(2) A pilot school holding a provisional pilot school certificate may apply for a pilot school certificate and associated ratings provided that school meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.5.
(3) An applicant that previously held a provisional pilot school certificate may apply for another provisional pilot school certificate, provided 180 days have elapsed since its last provisional pilot school certificate expired.
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
SUBPART B – PERSONNEL, AIRCRAFT, AND FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS
§ 141.47 Applicability.
(a) This subpart prescribes—
(1) The personnel and aircraft requirements for a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate and
(2) The facilities that a pilot school must have available on a continuous basis.
(b) As used in this subpart—
(1) To have continuous use of a pilot school facility other than an aerodrome, the pilot school must have—
(i) Ownership of the pilot school facility for at least 6 months after the date the application for initial certification and on the date of renewal of the school's certificate or
(ii) A written lease agreement for the pilot school facility for at least 6 months after the date the application for initial certification and on the date of renewal of the school's certificate.
(2) To have continuous use of an aerodrome, the pilot school must satisfy the following requirements:
(i) The pilot school must have access to the aerodrome's movement area, air traffic control (ATC) services, and navigation facilities sufficient to permit conduct of training operations without unreasonable limitation or delay during customary hours of operation; and
(ii) The pilot school must be party to a written agreement providing that the school will continue to have such access for at least 6 months after the date the application for initial certification and on the date of renewal of the school's certificate.
§ 141.49 Personnel.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school certificate or for a provisional pilot school certificate must meet
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
the following personnel requirements:
(1) Each applicant must have adequate personnel, including certificated flight instructors, certificated ground instructors, or holders of a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air rating, and a chief instructor for each approved course of training who is qualified and competent to perform the duties to which that instructor is assigned.
(2) If the applicant is to employ dispatchers, aircraft handlers, and line and service personnel, then it must instruct those persons in the procedures and responsibilities of their employment.
(3) Each instructor to be used for ground or flight training must hold a flight instructor certificate, ground instructor certificate, or commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air rating, as appropriate, issued under GACAR Part 61, with ratings for the approved course of training and any aircraft used in that course.
(4) In addition to the requirements prescribed paragraph (a)(3) of this section, each instructor in an ATP certification training course for the airplane category multiengine class rating approved to meet the requirements of GACAR § 61.173(d) must:
(i) Hold an ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating;
(ii) Have at least 2 years of experience as PIC or SIC in any operation conducted under GACAR Part 121; and
(iii) If providing training in an FSTD, have received training and evaluation within the preceding 12 months from the certificate holder on—
(A) Proper operation of FSTD controls and systems;
(B) Proper operation of environmental and fault panels,
(C) Data and motion limitations of simulation;
(D) Minimum equipment requirements for each curriculum; and
(E) The maneuvers that will be demonstrated in the FSTD.
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(b) An applicant for a pilot school certificate or for a provisional pilot school certificate must designate a chief instructor for each of the school's approved training courses, who must meet the requirements of GACAR § 141.51.
(c) When necessary, an applicant for a pilot school certificate or for a provisional pilot school certificate may designate a person to be an assistant chief instructor for an approved training course, provided that person meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.57.
(d) A pilot school may designate a person to be a check instructor for conducting student stage checks, end-of-course tests, and instructor proficiency checks, provided—
(1) That person meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.59, and
(2) The school has an enrollment of at least 10 students at the time the person seeks to obtain designation as a check instructor.
(e) A pilot school must appoint an accountable manager who has authority to ensure that all requirements of this part are met by the pilot school.
(f) A person may serve in more than one position for a school, provided that person is qualified for each position.
§ 141.51 Chief Instructor Qualifications.
(a) To be eligible for designation as a chief instructor for a course of training, a person must meet the following requirements:
(1) Hold a commercial pilot certificate or an ATP certificate, and, except for a chief instructor for a course of training solely for a lighter-than-air rating, a current flight instructor certificate, each issued under GACAR Part 61. The certificates must contain the appropriate aircraft category and class ratings for the category and class of aircraft used in the course and an instrument rating, if an instrument rating is required for enrollment in the course of training;
(2) Meet the pilot in command (PIC) recent flight experience requirements of GACAR § 61.17(a);
(3) Pass a knowledge test on—
(i) Teaching methods;
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(ii) Applicable provisions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP);
(iii) Applicable provisions of GACAR Parts 61, 91, and 141; and
(iv) The objectives and approved completion standards of the course for which the person seeks to obtain designation as chief instructor.
(4) Pass a proficiency test on instructional skills and ability to train students on the flight procedures and maneuvers appropriate to the course;
(5) Except for a course of training for gliders, balloons, or airships, the chief instructor must meet the applicable requirements in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section;
(6) A chief instructor for a course of training for gliders, balloons or airships is required to have only 40 percent of the hours required in paragraphs (b) and (d) of this section; and
(7) If the pilot school has or seeks examining authority with respect to a course of training, each chief instructor authorized to administer tests or checks pursuant to that course of training, as a result of the successful completion of which a student may be recommended for a certificate under GACAR § 141.123, must be designated by the President under GACAR Part 183.
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, a chief instructor must have—
(1) At least 1 000 hours as PIC; and
(2) Primary flight training experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 2 years and a total of 500 flight hours; or
(ii) At least 1 000 flight hours.
(c) For a course of training leading to the issuance of an instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief instructor must have—
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
(1) At least 100 hours of flight time under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions;
(2) At least 1 000 hours as PIC; and
(3) Instrument flight instructor experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor-instrument or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 2 years and a total of 250 flight hours; or
(ii) At least 400 flight hours.
(d) For a course of training other than one leading to the issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, or an instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief instructor must have—
(1) At least 2 000 hours as PIC; and
(2) Flight training experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 3 years and a total of 1 000 flight hours; or
(ii) At least 1 500 flight hours.
(e) To be eligible for designation as chief instructor for a ground school course, a person must have at least 1 year of experience as a ground school instructor at a certificated pilot school.
§ 141.53 Chief Instructor Responsibilities.
(a) A chief instructor designated for a pilot school is responsible for—
(1) Certifying each student's training record, graduation certificate, stage check and end-of-course test reports, and recommendation for course completion, unless the duties are delegated by the chief instructor to an assistant chief instructor or recommending instructor;
(2) Ensuring that each certificated flight instructor, certificated ground instructor, or commercial pilot with a lighter-than-air rating passes an initial proficiency check prior to that instructor being assigned instructing duties in the school's approved training course, and
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
thereafter that the instructor passes a recurrent proficiency check every 12 months after the month in which the initial test was accomplished;
(3) Ensuring that each student accomplishes the required stage checks and end-of-course tests in accordance with the school's approved training course; and
(4) Maintaining training techniques, procedures, and standards for the school that are acceptable to the President.
(b) The chief instructor or an assistant chief instructor must be available at the pilot school or, if away from the pilot school, be available by telephone, radio, or other electronic means during the time that training is given for an approved training course.
(c) The chief instructor may delegate authority for conducting stage checks, end-of-course tests, and flight instructor proficiency checks to the assistant chief instructor or a check instructor.
§ 141.55 Change of Chief Instructor.
Whenever a pilot school makes a change of designation of its chief instructor, that school—
(a) Must immediately provide the President with written notification of the change;
(b) May conduct training without a chief instructor for that training course for a period not to exceed 60 days while awaiting the designation and approval of another chief instructor;
(c) May, for a period not to exceed 60 days, have the stage checks and end-of-course tests administered by—
(1) The training course's assistant chief instructor, if one has been designated;
(2) The training course's check instructor, if one has been designated;
(3) A GACA inspector; or
(4) A designated examiner who is not an employee of the pilot school.
(d) Must, after 60 days without a chief instructor, cease operations and surrender its certificate to the President; and
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(e) May have its certificate reinstated, upon—
(1) Designation of another chief instructor and approval of that chief instructor by the President;
(2) Showing it meets the requirements of GACAR § 141.63(a)(2); and
(3) Applying for reinstatement on a form and in a manner prescribed by the President. § 141.57 Assistant Chief Instructor Qualifications.
(a) To be eligible for designation as an assistant chief instructor for a course of training, a person must meet the following requirements:
(1) Hold a commercial pilot or an ATP certificate and, except for the assistant chief instructor for a course of training solely for a lighter-than-air rating, a current flight instructor certificate, each issued under GACAR Part 61. The certificates must contain the appropriate aircraft category, class, and instrument ratings if an instrument rating is required by the course of training for the category and class of aircraft used in the course.
(2) Meet the PIC recent flight experience requirements of GACAR § 61.17(a).
(3) Pass a knowledge test on—
(i) Teaching methods;
(ii) Applicable provisions of the KSA AIP;
(iii) Applicable provisions of GACAR Parts 61, 91, and 141; and
(iv) The objectives and approved completion standards of the course for which the person seeks to obtain designation as an assistant chief instructor.
(4) Pass a proficiency test on the flight procedures and maneuvers appropriate to that course.
(5) Meet the applicable requirements in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. However, an assistant chief instructor for a course of training for gliders, balloons, or airships is required to have only 40 percent of the hours required in paragraphs (b) and (d) of this section.
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(6) If the pilot school has or seeks examining authority with respect to a course of training, each assistant chief instructor authorized to administer tests or checks pursuant to that course of training, as a result of the successful completion of which a student may be recommended for a certificate under GACAR § 141.123, must be designated by the President under GACAR Part 183.
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, an assistant chief instructor must have—
(1) At least 500 hours as PIC; and
(2) Flight training experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 1 year and a total of 250 flight hours or
(ii) At least 500 flight hours.
(c) For a course of training leading to the issuance of an instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, an assistant chief flight instructor must have—
(1) At least 50 hours of flight time under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions;
(2) At least 500 hours as PIC; and
(3) Instrument flight instructor experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor-instrument or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 1 year and a total of 125 flight hours or
(ii) At least 200 flight hours.
(d) For a course of training other than one leading to the issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, or an instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, an assistant chief instructor must have—
(1) At least 1 000 hours as PIC; and
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(2) Flight training experience, acquired as either a certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of—
(i) At least 1.5 years and a total of 500 flight hours or
(ii) At least 750 flight hours.
(e) To be eligible for designation as an assistant chief instructor for a ground school course, a person must have at least 6 months of experience as a ground school instructor at a certificated pilot school.
§ 141.59 Check Instructor Qualifications.
(a) To be designated as a check instructor for conducting student stage checks, end-of-course tests, and instructor proficiency checks under this part, a person must meet the following eligibility requirements of this section:
(1) For checks and tests that relate to either flight or ground training, the person must pass a test, given by the chief instructor, on—
(i) Teaching methods;
(ii) Applicable provisions of the KSA AIP;
(iii) Applicable provisions of GACAR Parts 61, 91, and 141; and
(iv) The objectives and completion standards of the approved training course for which the person seeks to obtain designation as a check instructor.
(2) For checks and tests that relate to a flight-training course, the person must—
(i) Meet the requirements in paragraph (a)(1) of this section;
(ii) Hold a commercial pilot certificate or an ATP certificate and, except for a check instructor for a course of training for a lighter-than-air rating, a current flight instructor certificate. The certificates must contain the appropriate aircraft category, class, and instrument ratings for the category and class of aircraft used in the course;
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(iii) Meet the PIC recent flight experience requirements of GACAR § 61.17(a); and
(iv) Pass a proficiency test, given by the chief instructor or assistant chief instructor, on the flight procedures and maneuvers of the approved training course for which the person seeks to obtain designation as a check instructor.
(3) For checks and tests that relate to ground training, the person must—
(i) Meet the requirements in paragraph (a)(1) of this section;
(ii) Except for a course of training for a lighter-than-air rating, hold a current flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate with ratings appropriate to the category and class of aircraft used in the course;
(iii) For a course of training for a lighter-than-air rating, hold a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category rating and the appropriate class rating.
(4) If the pilot school has or seeks examining authority with respect to a course of training, each check instructor authorized to administer tests or checks pursuant to that course of training, as a result of the successful completion of which a student may be recommended for a certificate under GACAR § 141.123, must be designated by the President under GACAR Part 183.
(b) A person who meets the eligibility requirements in paragraph (a) of this section must—
(1) Be designated, in writing, by the chief instructor to conduct student stage checks, end-of-course tests, and instructor proficiency checks and
(2) Be approved by the President.
(c) A check instructor may not conduct a stage check or an end-of-course test of any student for whom the check instructor has—
(1) Served as the principal instructor or
(2) Recommended for a stage check or end-of-course test.
§ 141.61 Aerodromes.
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(a) An applicant for a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must show that he has continuous use of each aerodrome at which training flights originate.
(b) Each aerodrome used for airplanes and gliders must have at least one runway or take-off area that allows training aircraft to make a normal takeoff or landing under the following conditions at the aircraft's maximum certificated take-off gross mass:
(1) Under wind conditions of not more than 4 kt (2.1 m/s);
(2) At temperatures in the operating area equal to the mean high temperature for the hottest month of the year;
(3) If applicable, with the powerplant operation, and landing gear and flap operation recommended by the manufacturer; and
(4) In the case of a takeoff—
(i) With smooth transition from liftoff to the best rate of climb speed without exceptional piloting skills or techniques and
(ii) Clearing all obstacles in the take-off flight path by at least 50 ft (15 m).
(c) Each aerodrome must have a wind direction indicator that is visible from the end of each runway at ground level.
(d) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, each aerodrome used for night training flights must have permanent runway lights.
(e) An aerodrome used for night training flights in seaplanes is permitted to use adequate nonpermanent lighting or shoreline lighting, if approved by the President.
§ 141.63 Aircraft.
(a) For operations bases located within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must show that each aircraft used by the school for flight training and solo flights—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(7) of this section, is a civil aircraft of the Kingdom of
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Saudi Arabia.
(2) Is certificated with one of the following, unless the President determines otherwise because of the nature of the approved course:
(i) A standard airworthiness certificate or
(ii) A special airworthiness certificate for aircraft certificated in the primary category or for light-sport aircraft.
(3) Except as provided for in paragraph (a)(6) and (a)(7) of this section, is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements for aircraft operated for hire under Subpart E of GACAR Part 91.
(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations (for flight training).
(5) Is equipped and maintained for instrument flight rules (IFR) en-route operations if used in a course involving IFR en route operations and instrument approaches. For training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in the approved course of training.
(6) For commuter category airplanes and transport category aircraft, the aircraft are operated by a certificate holder issued under GACAR Part 119.
(7) The President may authorize use of foreign registered aircraft of an ICAO Contracting State provided:
(i) The State of Registry accepts the terms and conditions of the arrangement;
(ii) The aircraft is certificated with a standard airworthiness certificate (or an equivalent certification) from the State of registry;
(iii) The aircraft is maintained in accordance with maintenance and inspection requirements of the State of registry that are equivalent to those prescribed by this paragraph; and
(iv) The President is satisfied the flight training operations can be conducted safely with
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the foreign registered aircraft.
(b) For operations bases located outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and when the training will be conducted outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must show that each aircraft used by the school for flight training and solo flights—
(1) Is either a civil aircraft of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or a civil aircraft of foreign registry of an ICAO Contracting State.
(2) Is certificated with a standard airworthiness certificate or an equivalent certification from the State of registry.
(3) Is maintained and inspected in accordance with the requirements for aircraft operated for hire under Subpart E of GACAR Part 91 or GACAR Part 119 as applicable, or for foreign registered aircraft, in accordance with equivalent maintenance and inspection requirement of the State of registry.
(4) Has two pilot stations with engine-power controls that can be easily reached and operated in a normal manner from both pilot stations (for flight training).
(5) Is equipped and maintained for IFR operations if used in a course involving IFR en-route operations and instrument approaches. For training in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in the approved course of training.
§ 141.65 Flight Simulation Training Devices, Aviation Training Devices, and Training Aids.
An applicant for a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate must show that its flight simulation training devices (FSTD), aviation training devices (ATD), training aids, and equipment meet the following requirements:
(a) Full flight simulators (FFS). Each FFS used to obtain flight-training credit allowed for FFSs in an approved pilot training course curriculum must—
(1) Be a full-size aircraft flightdeck replica of a specific type of aircraft, or make, model, and series of aircraft;
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(2) Include the hardware and software necessary to represent the aircraft in ground operations and flight operations;
(3) Use a force cueing system that provides cues at least equivalent to those cues provided by a \( 3^{\circ} \) freedom of motion system;
(4) Use a visual system that provides at least a \( 45^{\circ} \) horizontal field of view and a \( 30^{\circ} \) vertical field of view simultaneously for each pilot; and
(5) Have been evaluated, qualified, and approved under GACAR Part 60.
(b) Flight training devices (FTD). Each FTD used to obtain flight training credit allowed for FTDs in an approved pilot training course curriculum must—
(1) Be a full-size replica of instruments, equipment panels, and controls of an aircraft, or set of aircraft, in an open flightdeck area or in an enclosed flightdeck, including the hardware and software for the systems installed that is necessary to simulate the aircraft in ground and flight operations;
(2) Need not have a force (motion) cueing or visual system; and
(3) Have been evaluated, qualified, and approved under GACAR Part 60.
(c) ATD. Each ATD used to obtain flight-training credit allowed for ATDs in an approved pilot training course curriculum must have been evaluated, qualified, and approved under GACAR Part 60.
(d) Training aids and equipment. Each training aid, including any audiovisual aid, projector, tape recorder, mockup, chart, or aircraft component listed in the approved training course outline, must be accurate and appropriate to the course for which it is used.
§ 141.67 Pilot Briefing Areas.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must show that the applicant has continuous use of a briefing area located at each aerodrome at which training flights originate that is—
(1) Adequate to shelter students waiting to engage in their training flights;
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(2) Arranged and equipped for the conduct of pilot briefings; and
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, for a school with an instrument rating or commercial pilot course, equipped with private landline or telephone communication to the nearest GACA Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) provider.
(b) A briefing area required by paragraph (a) of this section may not be used by the applicant if it is available for use by any other pilot school during the period it is required for use by the applicant.
(c) The communication equipment required by paragraph (a)(3) of this section is not required if the briefing area and the AIS provider are located on the same aerodrome, and are readily accessible to each other.
§ 141.69 Ground Training Facilities.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school certificate must show that—
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, each room, training booth, or other space used for instructional purposes is heated, lighted, and ventilated to conform to building, sanitation, and health codes.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the training facility is so located that the students in that facility are not distracted by the training conducted in other rooms, or by flight and maintenance operations on the aerodrome.
(b) If a training course is conducted through an internet-based medium, the holder of a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate that provides such training need not comply with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section but must maintain in current status a permanent business location and business telephone number.
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SUBPART C – MANUAL REQUIREMENTS
§ 141.79 General.
Each pilot school must prepare and maintain a training and procedures manual, acceptable to the President, for the use of the pilot school's personnel. The pilot school must ensure that the following requirements are satisfied:
(a) The policies and procedures contained in the manual must not be contrary to any applicable GACAR.
(b) Each pilot school must maintain at least one copy of the manual at each operations base at which it conducts training.
(c) A copy of the manual, or the appropriate portions of the manual (and changes and additions) must be made available to personnel by the pilot school and furnished to—
(1) Its flight and ground instructors,
(2) Representatives of the GACA assigned to the pilot school, and
(3) Any other persons to whom the manual has been issued.
(d) To comply with paragraph (c) of this section, a pilot school may furnish the persons listed therein with all or part of its manual in printed or other form, acceptable to the President, which is retrievable in the English language. If the pilot school furnishes all or part of the manual in other than printed form, it must ensure there is a compatible reading device available to those persons that provides a legible image of the information and instructions, or a system that is able to retrieve the information and instructions in the English language.
(e) Each employee of the pilot school to whom a manual or appropriate portions of it are furnished under paragraph (c) of this section must keep it up to date with the changes and additions furnished to them.
§ 141.81 Manual Contents.
(a) The training and procedures manual must contain at least the following information:
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(1) A general description of the scope of training authorized under the school's certificate and operations specifications;
(2) Copies of the certificate holder's operations specifications or appropriate extracted information, including aircraft and training programs approved;
(3) The content of the training programs offered including the courseware and equipment to be used;
(4) A description of the quality assurance system required under Subpart D of this part;
(5) A description of the pilot school's facilities;
(6) The name, duties, and qualification of the person designated as the accountable executive and the management representative under GACAR Part 5;
(7) A description of the duties and qualifications of the chief instructor and assistant chief instructor (if applicable);
(8) A description of the procedures used by the pilot school to establish and maintain the competence of its flight and ground instructors under Subpart H of GACAR Part 61 and Appendix F to this part;
(9) A description of the method used for the completion and retention of training and qualification records under Subpart H of this part;
(10) For pilot schools holding examination authority, a description of the selection, role, and duties of the check instructors; and
(11) A training program to ensure that all instructors receive initial and continual training appropriate to assigned tasks and responsibilities. The training must include knowledge and skills related to human performance.
(b) The pilot school must ensure that the training and procedures manual is amended as necessary to maintain current data.
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GACAR PART 141 – PILOT SCHOOLS
SUBPART D – QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
§ 141.91 Quality Assurance System.
(a) Each pilot school must establish a quality assurance system acceptable to the President. Personnel responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the quality assurance system must be identified by the pilot school.
(b) The quality assurance system must address—
(1) Conduct and effectiveness of all training programs;
(2) Compliance and adequacy of curriculums;
(3) Conformity and security of the pilot school's recordkeeping system;
(4) Adequacy of facilities and equipment;
(5) Qualifications, eligibility, and ability of instructors; and
(6) Effectiveness of management, including delegation of authority and responsibility.
§ 141.93 Quality of Training.
(a) When requested by the President, a pilot school must allow the GACA to administer any knowledge test, practical test, stage check, or end of course test to its students.
(b) When a stage check or end of course test is administered by the GACA under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, and the student has not completed the training course, then that test will be based on the standards prescribed in the school's approved training course.
(c) When a practical test or knowledge test is administered by the GACA under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, to a student who has completed the school's training course, that test will be based upon the areas of operation approved by the President.
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SUBPART E – TRAINING COURSE OUTLINE AND CURRICULUM
§ 141.103 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the curriculum and course outline requirements for the issuance of a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate and ratings.
§ 141.105 Approval Procedures for a Training Course: General.
(a) General. An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate must obtain the President's approval of the outline of each training course for which the applicant seeks to obtain a certification and rating.
(b) Application.
(1) An application for the approval of an initial or amended training course must be submitted in a manner and format acceptable to the President.
(2) An application for the approval of an initial or amended training course must be submitted at least 30 working days before any training under that course, or any amendment thereto, is scheduled to begin.
(c) Training courses. An applicant for a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school certificate may request approval for training courses specified under GACAR § 141.11(b).
(d) Additional rules for internet-based training courses. An application for an initial or amended training course offered through an Internet-based medium must comply with the following:
(1) All amendments must be identified numerically by page, date, and screen. Minor editorial and typographical changes do not require GACA approval, provided the school notifies the GACA within 30 days of their insertion.
(2) For monitoring purposes, the school must provide the GACA an acceptable means to log-in and log-off from a remote location to review all elements of the course as viewed by attendees and to by-pass the normal attendee restrictions.
(3) The school must incorporate adequate security measures into its Internet-based courseware information system and into its operating and maintenance procedures to ensure
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the following fundamental areas of security and protection:
(i) Integrity,
(ii) Identification/Authentication,
(iii) Confidentiality,
(iv) Availability, and
(v) Access control.
§ 141.107 Training Course: Contents.
(a) Each training course for which approval is requested must meet the minimum curriculum requirements in accordance with the appropriate appendix to this part.
(b) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, each training course for which approval is requested must meet the minimum ground and flight training time requirements in accordance with the appropriate appendix to this part.
(c) Each training course for which approval is requested must contain—
(1) A description of each room used for ground traini

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