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مجلد 11. متفرقات

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GACA
اللغه العربيه للطيران المحتري
General Authority of Civil Aviation
[Non-Text]
EBOOK VOLUME 11. MISCELLANEOUS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 11. MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 1. CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER FOR AN AEROBATIC PRACTICE AREA OR AN AEROBATIC CONTEST BOX
Section 1. Issue a Certificate of Waiver for an Aerobatic Practice Area or an Aerobatic…2 Contest Box
CHAPTER 2. CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER OR AUTHORIZATION FOR AN AVIATION EVENT
Section 1. Issue a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for a Special Aviation Event 23
CHAPTER 3. CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER FOR GACAR SECTION 91.119(B) AND/OR (C) (MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDES)
Section 1. Issue a Certificate of Waiver for GACAR § 91.67(b) and/or (c) (Minimum…… 150 Safe Altitudes: General)
CHAPTER 4. SAFETY PROGRAMS FOR THE PREVENTION OF PROBLEMATIC USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Section 1. Evaluate Education and Prevention Programs under GACAR Part 7 ·· 168
CHAPTER 5. MODEL AIRCRAFT
Section 1. General Information 169
CHAPTER 6. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
Section 1. General Information 170
CHAPTER 7. ARTICLE 83bis AGREEMENTS
Section 1. General Information 171
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VOLUME 11. MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 1. CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER FOR AN AEROBATIC PRACTICE AREA OR AN AEROBATIC CONTEST BOX
Section 1. Issue a Certificate of Waiver for an Aerobatic Practice Area or an Aerobatic Contest Box
11.1.1.1. GACA ACTIVITY REPORT (GAR).
A. 1232 (OP) (Aerobatic Practice Area)
B. 1233 (OP) (Aerobatic Contest Box)
11.1.1.3. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this task is to evaluate an applicant for the purpose of establishing an aerobatic practice area and/or an aerobatic contest box. Upon approval of the application, a General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) Certificate of Waiver with attached special provisions is issued to the applicant.
NOTE: See Volume 4, Chapter 2, Section 2, Waivers and Authorizations for additional guidance on the waiver process.
11.1.1.5. GENERAL. Waiver preparation for an aerobatic practice area is discussed in paragraph 11.1.1.7, and for an aerobatic contest box in paragraph 11.1.1.9.
NOTE: Aviation Safety Inspectors (Inspectors) and applicants should review the Application Processing Flowchart for an Aerobatic Box in Figure 11.1.1.1.
NOTE: The term Inspector in Charge (IIC) will be used for the Inspector tasked with approving the Certificate of Waiver.
A. Background. The unique special provisions for evaluating an application and issuing a waiver for aerobatic practice areas or aerobatic contests include the requirements for the application process, the issuance of the waiver, and the surveillance of the activity.
1) A separate set of suggested special provisions may be used for each type of waiver.
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2) Waivers are issued for specific activities in the following two airspace areas:
a) An aerobatic practice area is established for the purpose of practicing aerobatic skills.
b) The aerobatic contest box is established for the sole purpose of conducting competitive aerobatic demonstrations in accordance with the rules, procedures, and practices of the International Aerobatic Club (IAC). GACA may elect to recognize the rules, procedures, and practices of the IAC for its use in its issuance of waivers and in its monitoring of aerobatic operations.
3) The user of an aerobatic practice area or an aerobatic contest box is not required to hold a Statement of Acrobatic Competency.
4) Each activity requires a waiver with attendant special provisions appropriate to the site and the activity.
B. Regulatory Authority. The regulatory authority for the issuance of waivers of General Authority of Civil Aviation Regulation (GACAR) Part 91 for aerobatic practice areas and aerobatic contest boxes is based on the authority vested in the GACARs. All airspace waivers must be fully coordinated by GACA SS&AT with Air Traffic Services (ATS) to ensure safety of flight in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) airspace system. Airspace waivers may be issued up to, but may not exceed, 24 calendar-months. Requests for waivers are processed by the Flight Operations Division. The final approval of the waiver is the responsibility of the Manager, Flight Operations Division.
C. Application. Applications for a Certificate of Waiver for aerobatic purposes are processed in the following manner.
1) Aerobatic Practice Area. There are short term and long term practice areas.
a) The application form should be submitted 30 days or more prior to the use of the practice area to allow for sufficient processing time.
b) Short term aerobatic practice areas:
- Are associated with airspace for use of less than 10 days in duration
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- Are associated with a special aviation event or aerobatic contest
c) Long term aerobatic practice areas:
- Are associated with airspace use for periods from 10 days to no more than 24 calendar months in duration
- IICs may need to consider environmental factors that could affect the proposed use of the airspace as described in the application. IICs should consult their supervisor if they believe that environmental or other factors affecting or of interest to other government agencies might be involved with the proposed activity.
2) Aerobatic Contest Box. When applying for an aerobatic contest box:
a) The application form should be submitted 60 days or more prior to the contest to allow for sufficient processing time.
b) The GACA will process the application for a contest within 30 days of receipt.
c) Because thorough planning has a direct bearing on the success and safety of an aerobatic contest box, the applicant is encouraged to develop an effective plan that covers all facets of the coordination and use of the contest box. The IIC should assist the waiver applicant by discussing the following:
- Proper site selection (controlled and uncontrolled aerodromes, or other sites suitable for aerobatics)
- The size, scope, and location of the contest
• The category of competitors
• A plan for spectator control (if appropriate)
• The preparation of Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
3) Upon receipt, the application should be reviewed for discrepancies. If discrepancies exist, a meeting with the applicant may be helpful in resolving them.
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NOTE: Although not required, applicants may receive assistance with the application documentation for an aerobatic contest box by contacting the IAC. GACA does not require any applicant to be a member of the IAC; but may recognize the IAC's expertise in this area.
D. Approval. Waivers are processed and issued using procedures prescribed in Volume 4, Chapter 2, Section 2 of this handbook.
1) Waivers for an aerobatic contest box or a box for an aerobatic practice area are approved upon satisfactory review of the application.
2) Certificates of Waivers are issued using procedures prescribed in Volume 15, Chapter 14 of this handbook.
11.1.1.7. AEROBATIC PRACTICE AREAS. Pilots who wish to practice aerobatic maneuvers that do not meet the requirements of GACAR § 91.417 must obtain a waiver. Such maneuvers will be performed in a designated area referred to as an aerobatic practice area. These areas are not to be considered event or competition sites. The aviation community uses these practice areas to establish and maintain proficiency as well as to enhance competitive skills in aerobatic maneuvers. Aerobatic practice areas are established by the waiver applicant in conjunction with the GACA and may have dimensions of several kilometers in various directions or be as small as a contest box. Inspectors should be receptive to establishing these areas, consistent with safety regulations and in compliance with current guidance found in this handbook and associated publications. It is imperative that the safety of all nonparticipating aircraft be considered when issuing a Certificate of Waiver for an aerobatic practice area.
A. Waivers. When a waiver is issued for an aerobatic practice area, it generally includes provisions for:
1) Aerobatic flight below 1,500 feet (460 meters) above ground level (AGL).
2) Other portions of GACAR § 91.417 may be waived if the proposed operation involves an airway or Class B, C, D, or E airspace designated for an aerodrome.
3) Applicants for aerobatic practice areas located directly over or in the immediate vicinity of an aerodrome, although not required, should coordinate the planned activity with aerodrome management. This is in keeping with a “good neighbor” policy and provides a means for addressing potential aviation safety concerns. The GACA will review, verify, and
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evaluate any potential safety concerns and modify the special provisions attached to the Certificate of Waiver accordingly to address these concerns.
4) The applicant is charged with addressing known environmental concerns in their application and IICs (in consultation with their supervisor) are charged with considering environmental issues during their review of the application. This ensures that environmental impacts are considered when deciding where a proposed aerobatic practice area should be located. The waiver applicant should consider coordinating with the residents, landowners, and municipalities where aerobatic flight is planned to be conducted.
B. Definitions.
1) Aerobatic Flight. The provisions of GACAR § 91.417 constitute the definition of aerobatic flight.
2) Special Aviation Event. A special aviation event include air shows, closed-course air races, certain parachute demonstration jumps, fly ins, balloon meets, and competitions that are conducted before an invited assembly of persons. Aerobatic competitions are not considered to be special aviation events since the public is not invited (See Volume 11, Chapter 2, Issue a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for a Special Aviation Event).
3) Inspector in Charge (IIC). The Inspector who is assigned the responsibility of processing the waiver application and for conducting ongoing surveillance of the aerobatic practice area.
4) Responsible Person. The person named specifically named on the Certificate of Waiver.
5) Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR). A regulatory action issued via the Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) system to restrict certain aircraft from operating within a defined area, on a temporary basis, to protect persons or property in the air or on the ground. Typical events associated with a TFR are major events or gatherings, natural disasters, air shows, special security areas, and movements of dignitaries.
C. Scope of Waivers. Per GACAR § 91.601, a Certificate of Waiver may only be authorized for the rules listed in GACAR § 91.611.
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1) Some aerobatic maneuvers may require only a waiver of GACAR § 91.417(e) to permit aerobatic flight at less than 1,500 feet (460 meters) above the surface. Others may require the waiver of speed limitations, minimum safe altitudes, operations in controlled airspace, or specific prohibitions while operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
2) The following approved sections of GACAR Part 91 that are commonly waived for aerobatic contests and/or aerobatic practice areas: GACAR §§ 91.65, 91.67, 91.125, 91.127, 91.129, 91.131 and 91.417, depending on the location, congestion, and complexity of the area in which aerobatics will take place.
3) Waivers of the basic VFR weather minimums specified in GACAR § 91.165 may be considered only in areas where the entire aerobatic maneuvering area is totally within Class B, C and D airspace or a temporary flight restriction.
D. Regulations That May Not Be Waived.
1) GACAR § 91.67(a) and (b) may not be waived at any time for an aerobatic practice area.
2) GACAR § 91.161 may not be waived for any operations conducted in an aerobatic practice area. However, the IAC holds an exemption for fuel required during flight in VFR conditions. This exemption applies only during the conduct of officially sanctioned aerobatic contests and associated practices.
E. Air Traffic (ATS) Coordination. Aerobatic practice areas may be located at controlled or uncontrolled aerodromes or in sparsely populated areas far removed from any persons and/or congested areas. The IIC determines the location of these practice areas through proper coordination with the waiver applicant and the appropriate ATS. Use of the area may be for a short duration, once each year for annual qualification, or for all hours of the day and/or evening. IICs should coordinate with the ATS unit having primary airspace jurisdiction over the proposed practice area. The waiver shall not be signed unless the working file contains documentation of ATS coordination.
F. Night Operations. Aerobatic performers who conduct night aviation event operations should practice their routines in realistic conditions before the actual flight at an aviation event. Numerous air show performers of both powered and unpowered aircraft need to practice their routines in areas that offer no obstructions and little or no distractions during the hours of darkness.
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1) In order to facilitate practice sessions, IICs should determine if aerobatic practice areas previously approved for daylight operations only are also acceptable for night operations.
2) Many performers of night aerobatic maneuvers use some type of flares or pyrotechnic devices to highlight their maneuvers. Other performers use only lights and strobes. In either case, it will be necessary to coordinate and approve all facets of the waiver and any special provisions to ensure safety is not compromised if the operation is conducted at night.
G. Temporary Aerobatic Practice Areas. The GACA may be called upon to issue a waiver for establishing a temporary aerobatic practice area. These waivers may be offered to the responsible person of a proposed aviation event or contest at the same time the application for the associated event or contest waiver is submitted. This additional waiver may be prepared for the specific purpose of providing a temporary area in which only aviation event performers or contestants may practice their routines before and during the event or contest. In addition, it will provide a safe and approved area for those performers or contestants who may be from other states or countries and who need to adapt to the weather and altitude conditions intrinsic to the local area. Even though this will be a separate waiver which becomes effective before the event or contest, it must be prepared so as to terminate on the same date and time as the associated waiver.
1) Environmental issues are not considered for temporary aerobatic practice areas of ten consecutive days or fewer in duration when associated with a special aviation event or contest.
2) Some of the parameters to consider in establishing this temporary practice area are:
a) The actual event or contest site may be suitable as a temporary practice area if it is a controlled environment and there will be no conflict with other nonparticipating aircraft. Effective times must be thoroughly coordinated with the pertinent ATS facilities before approval and issuance of the waiver.
b) The temporary practice area should be established no more than 50 km from the actual contest or event site.
c) All coordination required for establishing a (regular) aerobatic practice area should also be accomplished for preparation of a temporary aerobatic practice area.
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d) The responsible person must control access to the temporary aerobatic practice area, and only those persons performing in the contest or event should be permitted to use the area.
e) The physical parameters of the temporary practice area should be large enough to encompass all of the maneuvers that will be performed in the actual contest or event.
f) The responsibility for site selection, coordination, approvals, application, and oversight of the temporary aerobatic practice area rests solely with the event or contest responsible person.
3) It is the responsibility of the event or contest responsible person to coordinate the use of these established practice areas. If practice time is not available at the event or contest site, it is incumbent upon the event or contest responsible person to request a temporary aerobatic practice area. The IIC preparing the waiver may suggest that one be established. This would be more common for events than contests.
H. Special Provisions. The following are samples of common special provisions that may be used when issuing a Certificate of Waiver for an aerobatic practice area. If additional special provisions are to be added, the concurrence of the Director, Flight Operations Division is required. Material in brackets [ ] indicate where the IIC must insert information specific to the waiver being sought.
1) Aerobatic flight shall be confined to the area designated on the pictorial chart (satellite photographs may be substituted for topographic charts) attached to the Certificate of Waiver and defined in special provision 2. A definitive pictorial chart or photograph of the underlying area should be attached to the application and the Certificate of Waiver.
2) The aerobatic practice area is further defined as follows: (This item should contain a literal description of the entire practice area, including all delineating boundaries and the altitudes for each specific section of the practice area.)
3) No aerobatic maneuvers may be performed over or within 150 meters laterally from any open air assembly of persons or congested area of any municipality, government, province, or settlement.
4) No person may operate an aircraft in aerobatic flight when the visibility is less than
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[number] kilometers or a ceiling less than [number] feet.
5) Before commencing aerobatic flight operations, the person(s) authorized to activate and deactivate the aerobatic practice area shall be responsible for advising the appropriate Aerodrome Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) Unit of the activity and requesting that a NOTAM that includes the following information be issued:
a) The location, dates, and times the aerobatic activity will be in effect.
b) If appropriate, the runway(s) that will be closed during the aerobatic activities.
6) All Certificates of Waiver granting relief from appropriate sections of GACAR Part 91 must also contain guidance stipulating that the person(s) responsible for activation of the aerobatic practice area provide the appropriate ATS facility with a copy of the Certificate of Waiver at least 48 hours before activation of the NOTAM. For Certificates of Waiver that are issued on a long term basis, additional wording should be included advising the holder to ensure that the appropriate ATS facility keeps the waiver on file for future NOTAM activation.
7) Notification shall be made to the appropriate ATS facility [and telephone number] at least 30 minutes before the beginning of aerobatic activity in the practice area, or, if a letter of agreement exists, notification shall be made as specified in that document. The same appropriate unit shall also be notified at the termination of aerobatic activities.
8) The person(s) authorized to activate and deactivate the aerobatic practice area described in special provision 2 is [name of the person(s) to whom the waiver is issued or the person(s) delegated by the waiver holder].
9) The person named in special provision 8 shall also be responsible for the following:
- Ensuring that all pilots and aircraft operating within the confines of the waivered aerobatic practice area are properly certificated
- Briefing each pilot to ensure that all users of the practice area comply with the limitations imposed by the Certificate of Waiver and its attendant special provisions
- Maintaining a log containing the pilot’s name, airman certificate number, aircraft
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registration marks, date, and time the aerobatic practice was in use and providing this information to GACA upon request
10) When required by ATC, all pilots must monitor [name of ATC facility and frequency assigned] on a continuous basis while operating within the aerobatic practice area.
11) All pilots operating within the waivered aerobatic practice area shall maintain VFR at all times and shall be responsible for seeing and avoiding all conflicting traffic.
12) Aerobatic flight shall be conducted only between the hours of [specific times of use].
13) The holder of this Certificate of Waiver or delegated representative is responsible for halting or canceling activity in the aerobatic practice area if, at any time, the safety of persons or property on the ground or in the air is in jeopardy, or if there is a failure to comply with the terms or conditions of this waiver.
14) GACA has the authority to cancel the Certificate of Waiver or delay any activities if the safety of persons or property on the ground or in the air is in jeopardy, or if there is a violation of the terms of the waiver.
11.1.1.9. AEROBATIC CONTEST BOXES. A general overview of the aerobatic contest box is contained in Figure 11.1.1.2 and depicts the dimensions of the area for powered and unpowered aircraft engaged in competitive aerobatics.
A. Definitions.
1) Aerobatic Contest Box. A block of airspace 1000 meters long by 1000 meters wide and having an upper limit of 3,500 feet AGL (4,000 feet AGL for gliders). The lower limit of the box is 1,500 feet AGL for Primary and Sportsman Categories, 1,200 feet AGL for Intermediate, 800 feet AGL for Advanced and 328 feet AGL for the Unlimited Category. For Gliders, the lower limit of the box is 1,500 feet AGL for Sportsman Category, 1,200 feet AGL for the Intermediate Category, and 600 feet AGL for the Unlimited Category. The IIC should consider the waivered air space requirement for a contest normally to be a 1.5 km x 1.5 km x 1.5 km starting at the surface or may be depicted as a radius around a point. This allows for all categories and provides a buffer zone around the competition box.
2) Chief Judge. At an aerobatic contest, the person assigned as the primary judge of one or
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more categories of competition. The Chief Judge does not actually judge the competitors, but helps to ensure the safety of competitors within the contest box. The Chief Judge is assisted by numerous other persons located on the ground and/or in the immediate vicinity of the contest box.
3) Chief Technical Monitor. Person assigned duties by the contest director to perform a technical inspection of each competing aircraft and its equipment. The Chief Technical Monitor should normally hold a mechanic certificate with airframe and powerplant ratings; however, this position may be filled by the Contest Director with the “best qualified” person available.
4) Competition Categories. There are different competition categories for powered aircraft and gliders. These categories are defined by IAC official contest rules.
5) Contest Director. At an aerobatic contest, the person who acts as the general manager of the overall event and is responsible for all safety related issues. The Contest Director may delegate specific duties, functions, and authority but must retain complete accountability for the safety of the event. The Contest Director may also be the person who is designated by the GACA to monitor the event. The Contest Director ensures that all participants comply with all rules set forth in the IAC rules book as well as the provisions of the Certificate of Waiver.
6) Inspector in Charge (IIC). The Inspector who is assigned the responsibility for processing the waiver application and for monitoring the aerobatic contest box, as deemed necessary by the Director, Flight Operations Division, to determine compliance with the applicable GACAR sections.
7) Participant. Any individual and/or pilot specifically involved with, or participating in, the waivered aerobatic activities.
8) Safety Director. The person who reports directly to the Contest Director and is responsible for flight and ground safety.
B. Scope of Waivers. The following regulations may not be waived:
1) GACAR § 91.67(a) and (b) may not be waived at any time for an aerobatic contest box.
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2) GACAR § 91.161 may not be waived. However, the IAC stipulates the minimum fuel required during flight in VFR conditions for aerobatic contests and should be considered during review of the application.
C. ATS Coordination. An aerobatic contest box may be located at a controlled or uncontrolled aerodrome. The location is determined and approved through proper coordination with the waiver applicant, aerodrome management, the IICs, and appropriate ATS personnel. IICs should coordinate with the ATS unit having primary airspace jurisdiction over the proposed aerobatic contest box. The waiver will not be signed unless the working file contains documentation of ATS coordination.
D. Special Provisions. The following special provisions are listed below to provide a sample of common special provisions that should be used (only those which are appropriate) when issuing a waiver for an aerobatic contest box. If additional special provisions are to be added, the IIC must ensure proper coordination with all affected parties. Material in brackets [ ] indicates where the GACA, with the help of the Contest Director or representative, must insert information specific to the waiver being sought.
1) The aerobatic competition area that these special provisions pertain to is depicted and described on attachment [attachment number] to this Certificate of Waiver.
2) This waiver is not valid if the inflight visibility is less than 5 km or the ceiling, if a ceiling exists, is less than 3,000 feet AGL. Flight operations shall be conducted in accordance with (IAW) GACAR § 91.165.
3) The Contest Director is responsible for ensuring that [ATS facility] is notified by telephone at [ATS primary telephone number] or [ATS backup telephone number] at least 30 minutes before operations begin and again when the flight activity has been terminated.
4) Before commencing aerobatic flight operations, the Contest Director is responsible for advising the appropriate ATS facility [and telephone number] of the activity and for requesting that a NOTAM that will ensure wide dissemination and include the following information, appropriate to the operation, be issued:
a) The location, dates, and times the aerobatic activity will be in effect.
b) When appropriate, runway(s) that will be closed during the aerobatic activities.
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(This information must also be included in the traffic advisory to non-participating aircraft.)
c) Allowing touch-and-go landings during the times the NOTAM is in effect must be coordinated and agreed upon by the waiver holder and the aerodrome manager. (This information must also be included in the traffic advisory to non-participating aircraft.)
d) All traffic at [name of aerodrome] will use [specific traffic pattern information] when landing on or taking off from [list runway(s)] while the NOTAM is in effect. (This information must also be included in the traffic advisory.)
5) All Certificates of Waiver granting relief from appropriate sections of GACAR Part 91 must also contain guidance stipulating that the person(s) responsible for activation of the aerobatic contest box provides the controlling ATS unit with a copy of the Certificate of Waiver at least 48 hours before activation of the NOTAM.
6) Aerobatics shall only be conducted between the hours of official sunrise and sunset.
7) Each aircraft operating within the aerobatic contest box must be appropriately equipped to maintain continuous radio reception with the Chief Judge.
8) The holder of the waiver should obtain the permission of the [name of aerodrome] manager to conduct aerobatic activities and, in addition, ensure that the aerodrome management fully understands and will abide by the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Waiver. However, permission of the aerodrome management is not required for the waiver.
9) Aerobatics are limited to those aircraft and pilots who are approved by the holder of the Certificate of Waiver or a designated representative. The Contest Director is responsible for ensuring that:
a) Each aircraft competing in the aerobatic competition has the appropriate documents necessary to show current registration and airworthiness;
b) Each pilot participating in the aerobatic competition is properly certificated and possesses the currency and/or endorsements appropriate to the flight operation being conducted; and
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c) Before any waived aerobatic operation, each pilot participating in the aerobatic competition receives a briefing from the waiver holder or designated representative. This briefing must include the terms of the waiver, the confines of waivered airspace, and any special limitations or procedural considerations contained therein (See Figure 11.1.1.3, Sample Briefing Signature Page)
NOTE: See subparagraph 11.1.1.9A 5) above regarding delegation of authority by the Contest Director.
10) A crowd line consisting of a physical barrier and/or adequate policing shall be established at least 150 meters from the aerobatic box to confine all spectators within a designated area.
11) When operating within waivered airspace, GACAR § 91.67(c) is waived only if unoccupied structures are involved or to allow participating waivered aircraft to operate closer than 150 meters to essential personnel, vehicles, or vessels on the ground. All participating aircraft must maintain at least 150 meters from non-essential personnel.
12) Before performing any aerobatic sequence, the area must be scanned thoroughly by both the competitor and the Chief Judge. The competitor must not enter and/or initiate any aerobatic maneuvers unless the Chief Judge has ensured that the area is free of any conflicting traffic and has advised the pilot that the aerobatic contest box is clear.
13) The GACA has the authority to cancel the Certificate of Waiver or delay any events if the safety of persons or property on the ground or in the air is in jeopardy, or if there is a violation of the terms of the waiver.
E. Additional Special Provisions. The following special provisions are issued to a waiver holder for an aerobatic contest box established at an uncontrolled aerodrome where a runway remains open during competition. These provisions should be copied with as little editing as possible to fit a unique or individual need. The provisions should be used as appropriate to the type of scenario encountered. Any additions or significant changes must have the concurrence of the Director, Flight Operations Division.
1) [Name of aerodrome] will be closed to all traffic when the competitive activity of Advanced and Unlimited Category pilots may create a conflict with continuing non-participant flight operations. (Also include this information in the NOTAM and traffic
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advisory, as required.)
2) No touch-and-go landings are permitted while the aerobatic box is in use if the participant in the aerobatic box poses a hazard to touch and go traffic. (Also include this information in the NOTAM and traffic advisory.)
3) Aerobatic operations must not be conducted at altitudes lower than 1,200 feet AGL when the aerobatic contest box is located over a runway that is open and that activity may create a conflict with continuing non-participant flight operations.
4) The Contest Director, or a person specifically designated by the Contest Director, will continuously monitor the appropriate frequency while the aerobatic box is active. That person will advise any aircraft operating at or near [name of aerodrome] of potential traffic conflicts that may occur while operating in close proximity to the aerobatics box. The person assigned to monitor the appropriate frequency will have direct access to the Chief Judge by radio, telephone, or direct contact. Should there be an actual or potential conflict; the Chief Judge has the final authority to call for a cessation of aerobatics.
5) The appropriate frequency shall be manned by a person who has been briefed on the aerobatics activity, special pattern rules, and restrictions. If needed, a scripted version of the advisory will be furnished by the waiver holder in order to provide a standardized advisory to all pilots.
F. Aerobatic Competition Not Sanctioned by the International Aerobatic Club (IAC). The following special provision will be issued to a waiver holder conducting an aerobatic competition that is not sanctioned by the IAC, excluding competitive flying displays at aviation events conducted in accordance with a Certificate of Waiver issued under the provisions of Volume 11, Chapter 2, Section 1, Issue a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for a Special Aviation Event.
1) Participants will have in their possession a valid IAC computer-generated score sheet or other document acceptable to the GACA from an aerobatic competition sanctioned by the IAC and completed within the last 24 calendar-months indicating that he/she has successfully competed in the specific competition category he/she intends to compete at this event.
2) Except for takeoff and landing, all participants will fly no lower than the minimum
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altitude prescribed for this specific competition category as stated in the IAC official contest rules.
NOTE: The minimum altitudes for each competition category are defined in subparagraph 11.1.1.9A 1).
11.1.1.11. PREREQUISITES AND COORDINATION REQUIREMENTS.
A. Prerequisites. This task requires knowledge of the regulatory requirements of GACAR Part 1, 61 and 91. In addition, the person preparing and coordinating the waiver must be qualified as an IIC (Operations).
B. Coordination. This task may require coordination with an ATS unit, other governmental agencies, and the affected communities and/or property owners which underlie or are adjacent to the practice area or aerobatic contest box, as appropriate.
11.1.1.13. REFERENCES, FORMS, AND JOB AIDS.
A. References:
• GACAR Part 1, 61 and 91
B. Forms:
• Certificate of Waiver
• Figure 11.1.1.1, Application Processing Flowchart for an Aerobatic Contest Box
• Figure 11.1.1.2, Aerobatic Contest Box for Airplanes
• Figure 11.1.1.3, Sample Briefing Signature Page
• GACA Activity Report (GAR)
C. Job Aids. None.
11.1.1.15. PROCEDURES.
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A. Processing the Application for Waiver for Aerobatic Practice Area or Aerobatic Contest Box. For an Aerobatic Contest Box, the GACA will complete its evaluation of the application within 30 days of receipt.
1) Brief the applicant on the prerequisites of site selection and any coordination that may be appropriate to the area.
2) Brief the applicant on the procedures for preparing and submitting the waiver request.
3) Open a GAR.
4) Upon receipt, the completed application should be reviewed for obvious discrepancies.
5) Perform a visit the proposed site, if required, to obtain firsthand knowledge of the operational parameters of the airspace to be used and the underlying terrain. In addition, evaluate the environmental impact the proposed aerobatic activity might have and coordinate with other GACA resources, as appropriate.
6) Ensure that all proposals are coordinated with ATS and with any other entity directly affected by the establishment of the aerobatic practice area.
7) If the application is disapproved:
a) Prepare a letter of disapproval which describes all deficiencies in the application.
b) Send this letter along with the original application and accompanying documentation to the applicant.
c) Establish a specified date for correction of deficient items and for resubmittal of the application.
8) If the application is approved:
a) Prepare the Certificate of Waiver and the attendant special provisions.
b) Prepare a file that includes, but is not limited to, copies of the following:
• Certificate of Waiver (signed) and attendant special provisions
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- Summary of any environmental issues or impacts considered during the application review
- Letter of disapproval of the application, if applicable
- Documentation of ATS coordination
c) Send the applicant the originals of the Certificate of Waiver and the attendant special provisions.
d) Keep copies of all forms with all attachments for the GACA office file.
e) Make appropriate GAR entries.
f) Perform briefings and surveillance as appropriate
11.1.1.17. TASK OUTCOMES. Completion of this task results in one of the following:
- Issuance of a Certificate of Waiver with attached special provisions
- Disapproval of an application for a Certificate of Waiver with the reasons for the disapproval noted
11.1.1.19. FUTURE ACTIVITIES.
A. Surveillance. Surveillance of activities/events conducted in the aerobatic practice area or aerobatic contest box, especially events not sanctioned by IAC, should be performed by an Inspector (Operations).
B. Cancellation. The Certificate of Waiver may be cancelled due to noncompliance with the terms and conditions of the waiver and/or with the actions necessary to ensure future compliance.
C. Application. Consideration may be taken of a future application for waiver of regulations pertaining to aerobatic maneuvers conducted in an aerobatic practice area and/or aerobatic contest box.
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Figure 11.1.1.1. Application Processing Flowchart for an Aerobatic Contest Box

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Figure 11.1.1.2. Aerobatic Contest Box for Airplanes

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Figure 11.1.1.3. Sample Briefing Signature Page
I have read and/or been briefed on this document and fully understand the procedures, requirements, and limitations of the waiver and all of its special provisions.
1. CONTEST DIRECTOR: ____
2. CHIEF JUDGE: ____
3. SAFETY DIRECTOR: ____
4. COMM FREQUENCY MONITOR: ____
PARTICIPANTS:
<table><tr><td>FULL NAME (PRINTED)</td><td>SIGNATURE</td><td>AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>
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CHAPTER 2. CERTIFICATE OF WAIVER OR AUTHORIZATION FOR A SPECIAL AVIATION EVENT
Section 1. Issue a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization for a Special Aviation Event
11.2.1.1. GACA ACTIVITY REPORT (GAR).
A. 1220 (OP) (Certificate of Authorization)
B. 1230 (OP) (Certificate of Waiver)
11.2.1.3. OBJECTIVE. Under General Authority of Civil Aviation Regulation (GACAR) § 91.431 no person may conduct a special aviation event unless the event is specifically authorized by the President. This section’s task is to determine whether to issue a Certificate of Authorization for a special aviation event. Additionally, this section addresses actions associated with Certificates of Waiver that may also be required for the special aviation event. Completion of this task results in the issuance of a certificate to the applicant or the disapproval of their application. Certificates of Waiver may only be issued for a waiver for those items listed in GACAR § 91.611.
11.2.1.5. GENERAL.
A. Definitions. Many terms used in this section are unique to aviation events; therefore, the following definitions should enhance the understanding of their application:
1) Aerobatic Box. The airspace at an airshow where participating aircraft are authorized to perform aerobatic maneuvers appropriate to their waiver. This box begins at the appropriate category I/II/III show line (Figure 11.2.1.2).
2) Aerobatic Flight. Aerobatic flight is where the pitch attitude exceeds 60 degrees above or below the horizon and/or the angle of bank exceeds 75 degrees in reference to the horizon for all aircraft when conducting the event in accordance with a certificate of waiver. The definition for aerobatic flight in GACAR Part 1 does not apply. Therefore, always waive the portion of GACAR Part 1 that defines aerobatic flight.
3) Air Boss. The individual who has the primary responsibility for air show operations on
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the active taxiways, runways, and the surrounding air show demonstration area.
4) Air Show. An aviation event defined as an aerial demonstration by one or more aircraft before an invited assembly of persons.
5) Air Show Demonstration Area. The total airspace (lateral and vertical limits) identified by a GACA authorization, Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR), or the Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) issued for an air show.
6) Altimeter Setting. Many performers and jump aircraft may wish to set their altimeters to zero while on the ground to measure height above ground during their performance. This may require a waiver of GACAR § 91.71. The Inspector-In-Charge (IIC) should waive GACAR § 91.71 for any event where aircraft involved in that event are departing from a runway at that location. This does not require the affected aircraft to set their altimeter(s) to zero but gives the pilot the option to do so.
7) Approved Maneuver. A GACA approved maneuver or a series of maneuvers. These may include flight over the designated spectator area(s) below 1,000 feet (305 meters) above ground level (AGL), higher speeds for military airplanes, or a maneuver that may involve energy directed at the spectator area that meets safety criteria.
8) Special Aviation Event. A special aviation event includes air shows, closed course air races, parachute demonstration jumps, balloon meets, and fly-ins conducted before an invited assembly of persons, for which the GACA issues a Certificate of Authorization (and maybe a Certificate of Waiver as well).
NOTE: This chapter does not address or include aerobatic competitions (see Volume 11, Chapter 1, Section 1, Issue a Certificate of Waiver for an Aerobatic Practice Area or an Aerobatic Contest Box).
9) Aircraft Show Line Categories. Show line categories, speeds, and distances are shown in Table 11.2.1.1 below. These speeds are only for determining assignment to a show line, not maximum performing speeds. The following criteria are the basis for the minimum distances in Table 11.2.1.1 below:
a) For reciprocating-powered airplanes, knots indicated airspeed (KIAS) in straight and level flight at 75 percent power at standard temperature and pressure (15°C/sea
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level) and maximum certified takeoff mass.
b) For turbine-powered airplanes (does not include the BD 5J Microjet), 85 percent of the maximum continuous powered straight and level flight KIAS at standard temperature, pressure (15°C/sea level), and maximum certified takeoff mass.
c) Minimum show line distances are measured from the crowd line to the center of the aircraft closest to any spectator area for Show Line Category II and III aircraft and to the center airplane for Category I airplanes.
Table 11.2.1.1. Example of Airplane Show Line Category
<table><tr><td>AIRPLANE SHOW LINE CATEGORY</td><td>AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS*</td><td>STANDARD SHOW LINE DISTANCE FROM THE SPECTATOR AREA</td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>More than 245 knots</td><td>450 m</td></tr><tr><td>II</td><td>More than 156 knots but 245 knots or less</td><td>300 m</td></tr><tr><td>III(Single reciprocating engine and BD-5J)</td><td>156 knots or less or no more than 1000 kg (2,250 pounds) maximum takeoff mass</td><td>150 m</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">* These are not operating limitations</td></tr></table>
NOTE: See Table 11.2.1.2 for all aircraft categories.
10) Certificate of Authorization. An official document issued by the GACA to permit certain activities that require GACA approval, but that does not waive any regulations. (See Volume 4, Chapter 2, Section 2).
11) Certificate of Waiver. An official document issued by the GACA that authorizes certain operations of aircraft to deviate from a regulation, but under conditions that ensure an equivalent level of safety. GACAR § 91.611 lists the sections of GACAR Part 91 that may be waived. (See Volume 4, Chapter 2, Section 2)
12) Control Point. A specified location where the event organizer, a designated representative, or an air boss manages the aviation event. The control point must have a
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communication system with the capability necessary to control the aviation event.
13) Corner Markers. An easily identifiable marker or landmark from the air, 150 meters or more right and left of primary spectator area along the crowd line from the primary spectator area to provide flybys and performers a 150 meter reference for proper separation from spectators (see Figure 11.2.1.2, Figure 11.2.1.6 through 11.2.1.14 and Figure 11.2.1.18).
NOTE: Markers that may be hazardous to aircraft operations should not be placed on runways, taxiways, or any other operational area. This includes the X on the end of runways to denote runway closure. Place them in a safe area adjacent to the designated spot.
14) Critical Aircraft. That aircraft closest to the primary spectator area in a formation flight.
15) Crowd Line. A physical barrier or a line marked on the ground that serves as a restraining line for designated spectator areas and provides the appropriate safety distances from the aerobic box and/or show line.
16) Essential Personnel. Individuals authorized to access the flying display area during an aerobatic performance. (See subparagraph 11.2.1.7C.)
17) Event Organizer. The person or organization responsible for the application, preparation, and conduct of the special aviation event.
18) Flyby. A non-aerobatic pass or a series of non-aerobatic passes, performed by one or more aircraft, before an invited assembly of persons at an aviation event. (See paragraph 11.2.1.13J)
19) Flying Display Area. The airspace at air shows where participating aircraft have an authorization to perform. This area includes all the aerobatic boxes and show line but does not include ingress/egress routes.
20) Formation Flying. When an aircraft is flown solely with reference to another aircraft and within 500 feet (150 meters) of the referenced aircraft. Air racing and simulated dog-fighting are not considered formation flying.
21) Ingress/Egress Routes. Those routes used by air show performers to enter and exit the flying display area.
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22) Inspector-In-Charge (IIC). The aviation safety inspector (Inspector) (Operations) who is assigned primary GACA responsibility for the special aviation event. (See subparagraph 11.2.1.5D.)
23) Military Jet Demonstration Teams. Sanctioned Military jet demonstration teams, such as the USAF Thunderbirds, the U.S. Navy Blue Angels, and the Canadian Forces Snowbirds, etc.
24) Military Single-Ship Demonstration Teams. A sanctioned military demonstration team that consists of single aircraft conducting flybys or aerobatic demonstrations of current military fighter aircraft.
25) Official Photographers. Photographers designated by the responsible person as essential personnel to be in designated areas of the aerobatic box during performances (see subparagraph 11.2.1.9C).
26) Participant. Any individual specifically involved with, or directly participating in, the authorized aviation event.
27) Primary Spectator Area. The main area designated by the event organizer for spectator use. The crowd line creates its boundary and has well defined lateral limits (ends). This is the area from which the public is directed to view the event. There may be more than one primary spectator area.
28) Responsible Person. A person designated by the event organizer to be responsible for all aspects and special provisions of the authorizations and waivers. This person must be acceptable to the GACA as being knowledgeable concerning the terms and provisions of the certificate of authorization/waiver for this aviation event. The responsible person will be responsible to the GACA for the safe conduct of the event.
29) Secondary Spectator Area(s). Any area, not designated as a primary spectator area, where people have a natural tendency to gather to observe the event. This includes, but is not limited to, private property or property not under control of the event organizer, public roads, and private access roads.
30) Show Center. A visible reference point that denotes the center of the flying display area.
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31) Show Line. A line on the surface of the ground or water, marked to be clearly visible to pilots from the air, intended to enhance pilot orientation during the performance. The show line provides the performer with a clear visual reference to the minimum safety distance applicable to the category of the maneuvering aircraft being flown (see subparagraphs 11.2.1.13A and C through F.)
B. Regulatory Authority. The GACA has the authority to grant or deny authorizations for special aviation events under GACAR § 91.431 and waivers of the regulations listed in GACAR § 91.611 for aviation events.
1) Scope of Waivers.
a) Waivers of GACAR sections and the attendant special provisions may vary in scope depending on the regulations that an applicant requests to be waived and may vary depending upon the type of aviation event and the location. Some events require nothing more than waiving GACAR § 91.417(e) to permit aerobatic flight at less than 1,500 feet (460 meters) above the surface. Other events that consist of flybys and static displays may only require waiving sections of GACAR Part 91 for aircraft speed limitations, minimum safe altitudes, or limitations while operating in the vicinity of aerodromes or within Class B, C, D, or E airspace.
b) Waivers of the basic visual flight rules (VFR) weather minimums specified in GACAR § 91.165 may be considered in areas where the entire event can be conducted with Air Traffic Service (ATS) providing separation between participating aircraft and nonparticipating aircraft. This means that the entire air show display area for the affected aircraft must be within Class C, or Class D airspace.
2) GACAR § 91.611 establishes a list of rules subject to waivers. Some of the subsections of the mentioned sections may or may not need to be waived. For example, see note below on GACAR § 91.67. There should be a corresponding special provision that gives the conditions that must be followed for each section and/or subsection to be waived to maintain an equivalent level of safety. Another example would be GACAR § 91.65. Aircraft speed may be waived but that waiver of airspeed would have a limitation on maximum airspeed, and the limitations on where that waiver is valid would be in the special provisions attached to the waiver.
NOTE: GACAR § 91.167(a) should not be waived for air show demonstration purposes.
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GACAR § 91.167(b) and (c) may be waived only when the conditions stated herein are met.
C. Program Coordinators. Depending on the level of air show activity within the KSA, the GACA may choose to designate a focal point for air show coordination. An air show coordinator would be responsible for overall program monitoring and for coordination of all information and communications between the military, other KSA agencies, and the public with respect to air shows within the KSA. An air show coordinator would function in an advisory capacity to the GACA senior management, and to the IIC, who makes the onsite evaluation and is responsible for technical determinations as to the issuance or denial of a request for authorization/waiver.
1) The IIC should elevate any issues requiring clarification or that may be of national interest, such as military demonstration team participation, to the Office Manager.
2) An air show coordinator (if designated) makes recommendations regarding policy changes. When policy change is not required, provides clarification back to the IIC.
a) Local supplements to aviation event policy are not permitted.
b) The IIC should report the initiation of any investigation of non-compliance to the Office Manager, and should coordinate the necessary response with the Office Manager as early as possible in the investigation.
c) All accidents or incidents occurring at an aviation event should be reported immediately to the Office Manager.
D. Inspector in Charge (IIC). To enable the GACA to more effectively manage the special aviation event the Director, Flight Operations Division may assign an IIC to process an application for an authorization/ waiver for an aviation event. The IIC oversees or personally conducts the following activities:
- Site feasibility study
- Participation in the pre-event evaluation meeting
- Evaluation of the application for authorization/waiver
- Recommendation for issuance or denial
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- Prepares a list of Special Provisions appropriate for the event in compliance with current GACA handbook guidance
- Surveillance of the aviation event
E. IIC Qualifications. The IIC assigned this task and the subsequent surveillance should have completed any applicable on-the-job training (OJT), and it is recommended to have participated in the issuance of at least three certificates of waiver and surveillance of at least three aviation events as a trainee with a qualified IIC. For events in which a military aerobatic demonstration team performs, the IIC should have satisfactorily completed OJT for a military aviation event, including participation in a site feasibility determination required by the military, a pre-event evaluation meeting, and a waiver preparation for a military demonstration team.
F. Qualified Inspector Not Available. If the GACA does not have an Inspector who meets the above qualifications, the Director, Flight Operations Division should select an Inspector who is best qualified to perform the tasks of an IIC. After the Director, Flight Operations Division identifies an available IIC, he should work out the arrangements necessary to accomplish the task and provide OJT if an Inspector is available.
G. Surveillance of an Aviation Event. Surveillance of an aviation event is the responsibility of the Inspector (IIC). Preferably, the Inspector (IIC) who processed the application for the authorization and any waivers should monitor the event. Consider additional resources for high profile events or large aviation e

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