Part 002 - Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations

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GACA
الطبيه العامه للطبیان المحلي
General Authority of Civil Aviation
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GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 2 - Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations
SUBPART A – GENERAL
§ 2.1 Purpose. 2
§ 2.3 Units of Measure. 2
§ 2.5 Use of Non-SI Units. 3
§ 2.7 Application of specific units. 3
Appendix A – SI Unit prefixes and Symbols. 4
Appendix B - Table 1 – Non-SI units for use with the SI 5
Appendix B - Table 2 – Standard application of specific units of measurement.……7
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GACA
العليه للطيران المحتري
General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
SUBPART A – GENERAL
§ 2.1 Purpose.
This part prescribes the units of measure to be used in air and ground operations related to civil aviation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
§ 2.3 Units of Measure.
(a) Except as provided in GACAR § 2.5, the definitions and applications of units of measurement for air and ground operations as specified in this part are adapted based on the International System of Units (SI) developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM).
(b) The prefixes and symbols listed in Appendix A of this part are used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units.
Note: The Gregorian calendar is used in the GACARs.
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الحياء للطيران المحترف
General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
§ 2.5 Use of Non-SI Units.
(a) The non-SI units listed in Appendix B, Table 1 of this part are used either in lieu of, or in addition to, SI units as primary units of measurement but only as specified in the Appendix B Table 2.
(b) The non-SI units listed below are permitted for temporary use as alternative units of measurement but only for those specific quantities listed in Appendix B - Table 2.
<table><tr><td>Specific quantities in Table 3-4 related to</td><td>Unit</td><td>Symbol</td><td>Definition (in terms of SI units)</td></tr><tr><td>distance (long)</td><td>nautical mile</td><td>NM</td><td>1 NM = 1 852 m</td></tr><tr><td>Elevation/Distance (vertical)</td><td>foot</td><td>ft</td><td>1 ft = 0.304 8 m</td></tr><tr><td>Speed (horizontal)</td><td>knot</td><td>kt</td><td>1 kt = 0.514 444 m/s</td></tr><tr><td>Speed (vertical)</td><td>feet per minute</td><td>ft/min</td><td></td></tr></table>
§ 2.7 Application of specific units
(a) The application of units of measurement for certain quantities used in international civil aviation air and ground operations must be in accordance with Appendix B – Table 2.
(b) Aviation organizations must establish means and provisions for design, procedures and training for application and operations in environments involving the use of standard and non-SI alternatives of specific units of measurement, or the transition between environments using different units, with
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الحياء للطبيع وال按
General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
due consideration to human performance.
(c) The application of non-SI unit, knot / nautical mile and foot in any operational environment will continue to be effective as per the provisions of this part unless and until notified by the president based on safety assessment if any further revisions are incorporated by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
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الحياء للطيران المدني
General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
Appendix A – SI Unit prefixes and Symbols
<table><tr><td>Multiplication factor</td><td></td><td>Prefix</td><td>Symbol</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = \( 10^{18} \)</td><td></td><td>exa</td><td>E</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 000 000 000 000 = \( 10^{15} \)</td><td></td><td>peta</td><td>P</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 000 000 000 = \( 10^{12} \)</td><td></td><td>tera</td><td>T</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 000 000 = \( 10^9 \)</td><td></td><td>giga</td><td>G</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 000 = \( 10^6 \)</td><td></td><td>mega</td><td>M</td></tr><tr><td>1 000 = \( 10^3 \)</td><td></td><td>kilo</td><td>k</td></tr><tr><td>100 = \( 10^2 \)</td><td></td><td>hecto</td><td>h</td></tr><tr><td>10 = \( 10^1 \)</td><td></td><td>deca</td><td>da</td></tr><tr><td>0.1 = \( 10^{-1} \)</td><td></td><td>deci</td><td>d</td></tr><tr><td>0.01 = \( 10^{-2} \)</td><td></td><td>centi</td><td>c</td></tr><tr><td>0.001 = \( 10^{-3} \)</td><td></td><td>milli</td><td>m</td></tr><tr><td>0.000 001 = \( 10^{-6} \)</td><td></td><td>micro</td><td>μ</td></tr><tr><td>0.000 000 001 = \( 10^{-9} \)</td><td></td><td>nano</td><td>n</td></tr><tr><td>0.000 000 000 001 = \( 10^{-12} \)</td><td></td><td>pico</td><td>f</td></tr><tr><td>0.000 000 000 000 001 = \( 10^{-18} \)</td><td></td><td>atto</td><td>a</td></tr></table>
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العامه للطيران المضي
General Authority of Civil Aviation
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
Appendix B - Table 1 – Non-SI units for use with the SI
<table><tr><td>Specific quantities in Table 3-4 related to</td><td>Unit</td><td>Symbol</td><td>Definition (in terms of SI units)</td></tr><tr><td>mass</td><td>tonne</td><td>t</td><td>\( 1 \text{ t} = 10^{3} \text{ kg} \)</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">plane angle</td><td>degree</td><td>°</td><td>\( 1^{\circ} = (\pi/180) \text{ rad} \)</td></tr><tr><td>minute</td><td>&#x27;</td><td>\( 1&#x27; = (1/60)^{\circ} = (\pi/10\ 800) \text{ rad} \)</td></tr><tr><td>second</td><td>&#x27;&#x27;</td><td>\( 1&#x27;&#x27; = (1/60)&#x27; = (\pi/648\ 000) \text{ rad} \)</td></tr><tr><td>temperature</td><td>degree Celsius</td><td>°C</td><td>1 unit °C = 1 unit K</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">time</td><td>minute</td><td>min</td><td>1 min = 60 s</td></tr><tr><td>hour</td><td>h</td><td>1 h = 60 min = 3 600 s</td></tr><tr><td>day</td><td>d</td><td>1 d = 24 h = 86 400 s</td></tr><tr><td>week, month, year</td><td>--</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>volume</td><td>litre</td><td>L</td><td>1 L = 1 \( dm^{3} = 10^{-3} \text{ m}^{3} \)</td></tr></table>
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الطبيه العامه للطبيه وال即时医学
General Authority of Civil Aviation
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GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
Appendix B - Table 2 – Standard application of specific units of measurement
<table><tr><td>Ref. No.</td><td>Quantity</td><td>Primary unit (symbol)</td><td>Non-SI alternative unit (symbol)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">1. Direction/Space/Time</td></tr><tr><td>1.1</td><td>altitude</td><td>m</td><td>ft</td></tr><tr><td>1.2</td><td>area</td><td>\( m^2 \)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.3</td><td>distance (longa)</td><td>km</td><td>NM</td></tr><tr><td>1.4</td><td>distance (short)</td><td>m</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5</td><td>elevation</td><td>m</td><td>ft</td></tr><tr><td>1.6</td><td>endurance</td><td>h and min</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.7</td><td>height</td><td>m</td><td>ft</td></tr><tr><td>1.8</td><td>latitude</td><td>°′″</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.9</td><td>length</td><td>m</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.10</td><td>longitude</td><td>°′″</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.11</td><td>plane angle (when required, decimal subdivisions of the degree shall be used)</td><td>°</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.12</td><td>runway length</td><td>m</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.13</td><td>runway visual range</td><td>m</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.14</td><td>tank capacities (aircraft)b)</td><td>L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">2. Mass Related</td></tr><tr><td>2.1</td><td>air density</td><td>kg/m3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.2</td><td>area density</td><td>kg/m2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.3</td><td>cargo capacity</td><td>kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.4</td><td>cargo density</td><td>kg/m3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.5</td><td>density (mass density)</td><td>kg/m3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.6</td><td>fuel capacity (gravimetric)</td><td>kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.7</td><td>gas density</td><td>kg/m3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.8</td><td>gross mass or payload</td><td>kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>t</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.9</td><td>hoisting provisions</td><td>kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.10</td><td>linear density</td><td>kg/m</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.11</td><td>liquid density</td><td>kg/m3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.12</td><td>mass</td><td>kg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.13</td><td>moment of inertia</td><td>kg. m2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.14</td><td>Movement of momentum</td><td>kg.m2/s</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2.15</td><td>momentum</td><td>kg. m/s</td><td></td></tr></table>
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GACA
الحياء للطيران المحلي
General Authority of Civil Aviation
[Non-Text]
GACAR PART 2 – UNITS OF MEASUREMENT TO BE USED IN AIR AND GROUND OPERATIONS
<table><tr><td colspan="3">3. Force-related</td></tr><tr><td>3.1</td><td>air pressure (general)</td><td>kPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.2</td><td>altimeter setting</td><td>hPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.3</td><td>atmospheric pressure</td><td>hPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.4</td><td>bending moment</td><td>kN·m</td></tr><tr><td>3.5</td><td>force</td><td>N</td></tr><tr><td>3.6</td><td>fuel supply pressure</td><td>kPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.7</td><td>hydraulic pressure</td><td>kPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.8</td><td>modulus of elasticity</td><td>MPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.9</td><td>pressure</td><td>kPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.10</td><td>stress</td><td>MPa</td></tr><tr><td>3.11</td><td>surface tension</td><td>mN/m</td></tr><tr><td>3.12</td><td>thrust</td><td>kN</td></tr><tr><td>3.13</td><td>torque</td><td>N·m</td></tr><tr><td>3.14</td><td>vacuum</td><td>P</td></tr></table>
Standard application of other specific units of measurement with respect to mechanical units (mechanic), flow, and thermodynamics; electricity and magnetism, light and related electromagnetic radiations, acoustics and nuclear physics and ionizing radiation are in accordance with the Annex 5, Table 3-4, Standard application of specific units of measurement.
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