gaca_gov_sa · executive_regulation · processed · 538 chunks
GACA المنيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES Table of Contents SUBPART A – CERTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION....7 § 139.101 General....7 § 139.103 Applicability ....7 § 139.105 Aerodrome Classification and Certification/Authorization Requirements....7 § 139.107 Person in Charge of the Aerodrome....9 § 139.109 Aerodrome Management Personnel....9 § 139.111 Prohibition of the Problematic Use of Psychoactive Substances....10 § 139.113 Specific procedures for Aerodrome Operations....11 § 139.115 Maintenance Service Provider Acceptance....11 § 139.117 Aerodrome Consultant Entity....12 § 139.119 Inspection Authority ....12 § 139.121 Exemptions ....12 § 139.123 Classification of Findings ....13 SUBPART B – CERTIFICATION OF AERODROMES....14 § 139.125 Aerodrome Certification requirement....14 § 139.127 Application for Certification....14 § 139.129 Issuance of Aerodrome Certificate ....15 § 139.131 Validity of the Certificate ....15 § 139.133 Renewal and Amendment to the Certificate ....15 § 139.135 Certificate Holder Responsibilities ....16 § 139.137 Aerodrome Manual ....17 § 139.139 Safety Management Systems ....17 § 139.141 Competence of Personnel....17 SUBPART C – AUTHORIZATION OF AERODROMES ....20 §139.145 Authorization of Aerodromes....20 §139.147 Application for Aerodrome Authorization....20 Page 1 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العليه العامه للطيران المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES §139.149 Issuance of Authorization ....21 §139.151 Validity of the Authorization 21 § 139.153 Amendment to the Authorization....21 § 139.155 Responsibilities of the Authorization Holder....22 SUBPART D – DESIGN & ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AERODROME ....23 §139.161 Aerodrome Design and Location....23 § 139.163 Aerodrome Reference Code....23 §139.165 Permission for Design and Establishment of Aerodromes....24 §139.167 Application for Establishing an Aerodrome 25 §139.169 Grant of Permission 25 §139.171 Construction of Aerodrome 26 SUBPART E – AERODROME DATA....27 § 139.201 Common reference systems ....27 § 139.203 Aeronautical Data....27 § 139.205 Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP)....28 § 139.207 Aerodrome and Runway Elevations....28 § 139.209 Aerodrome Reference Temperature....28 § 139.211 Aerodrome Dimensions and Related Information. 29 § 139.213 Strength of Pavements. (Applicable until 27 November 2024.) ....30 § 139.213 Strength of Pavements. (Applicable as of 28 November 2024.)....32 § 139.215 Pre-Flight Altimeter Check Location....35 § 139.217 Declared Distances....35 § 139.219 Condition of the Movement Area and Related Facilities....36 § 139.221 Disabled aircraft removal....40 § 139.223 Rescue and Fire Fighting. 40 § 139.225 Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems....40 § 139.227 Coordination between Aeronautical Information Services and Aerodrome Authorities. 41 § 139.229 Aeronautical charts. 42 SUBPART F – PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS....43 § 139.301 Runways....43 Page 2 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES § 139.303 Runway shoulders....51 § 139.305 Runway turn pads ....52 § 139.307 Runway strips....55 § 139.309 Runway end safety areas....59 § 139.311 Clearways....61 § 139.313 Stopways....63 § 139.315 Radio altimeter operating area....63 § 139.317 Taxiways....64 § 139.319 Taxiway shoulders ....70 § 139.321 Taxiway strips....71 § 139.323 Holding bays, runway-holding positions, intermediate holding positions and road-holding positions ....72 § 139.325 Aprons....74 § 139.327 Isolated aircraft parking positions....76 § 139.329 De-icing / Anti- icing facilities ....76 SUBPART G – OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND REMOVAL ....79 § 139.401 Obstacle Limitation Surfaces....79 § 139.403 Obstacle limitation requirements ....88 § 139.405 Objects outside the obstacle limitation surfaces ....95 § 139.407 Other objects....95 § 139.409 Overlapping of OLS surfaces....95 § 139.411 Restriction and removal of obstacles ....95 § 139.413 Procedures for aerodrome operators to deal with obstacles in the OLS ....96 § 139.415 Objects or structures that could become obstacles in the OLS ....97 § 139.417 Notes of construction or alteration....98 § 139.419 Monitoring of obstacles associated with instrument runways ....98 § 139.421 Training....98 § 139.423 Aerodrome obstacle and terrain charts....98 § 139.425 Obstacle Survey ....99 SUBPART H – VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION....100 Page 3 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES § 139.501 Indicators and signalling devices ....100 § 139.503 Markings ....102 § 139.505 Lights ....127 § 139.507 Signs....178 § 139.509 Markers ....189 SUBPART I – VISUAL AIDS FOR DENOTING OBSTACLES ....190 § 139.601 Objects to be marked and/or lighted ....190 § 139.603 Marking and/or lighting of objects....192 SUBPART J – VISUAL AIDS FOR DENOTING RESTRICTED USE AREAS......210 § 139.701 Closed runways and taxiways, or parts thereof....210 § 139.703 Non-load-bearing surfaces ....211 § 139.705 Pre-threshold area ....212 § 139.707 Unserviceable areas....213 SUBPART K – ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS....214 § 139.801 Electrical power supply systems for air navigation facilities....214 § 139.803 System design ....218 § 139.805 Monitoring ....219 SUBPART L – AERODROME OPERATIONAL SERVICES, EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS....220 § 139.901 Aerodrome emergency planning....220 § 139.903 Rescue and fire fighting....223 § 139.905 Disabled aircraft removal....230 § 139.907 Wildlife strike hazard reduction....230 § 139.909 Apron management service....232 § 139.911 Ground servicing of aircraft....233 § 139.913 Aerodrome vehicle operations ....233 § 139.915 Surface movement guidance and control systems ....234 § 139.917 Siting of equipment and installations on operational areas....235 § 139.919 Fencing....236 Page 4 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES § 139.921 Security lighting....237 § 139.923 Autonomous runway incursion warning system (ARIWS)....237 SUBPART M- AERODROME MAINTENANCE ....239 § 139.1001 General....239 § 139.1003 Pavements ....239 § 139.1005 Removal of contaminants....241 § 139.1007 Runway pavement overlays ....242 § 139.1009 Visual aids....243 APPENDIX A – CERTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION....246 APPENDIX B – CERTIFICATION OF AERODROMES....248 APPENDIX- B-1 AERODROME MANUAL CONTENT .... 248 APPENDIX -B-2. PARTICULARS TO BE INCLUDED IN STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES...... 256 APPENDIX C – AUTHORIZATION OF AERODROMES ....257 APPENDIX D – DESIGN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AERODROME....258 APPENDIX E – AERODROME DATA....259 APPENDIX E-1. Standard method for reporting the bearing strength of the pavement in terms of the Pavement Classification (PCN). (applicable until 27 November 2024). 259 APPENDIX E-2....263 APPENDIX E-3. Runway condition report for reporting runway surface condition....264 APPENDIX E-4....273 APPENDIX E-5. Drainage characteristics of the movement area and adjacent areas 274 APPENDIX E-6. Aerodrome mapping data 278 APPENDIX F - PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS....280 APPENDIX F-1. Number, siting and orientation of runways....280 APPENDIX F-2. Grading of a strip for precision approach runways 282 APPENDIX F-3. Strength of runway strip 283 APPENDIX F-4. Runway end safety areas (RESA)....284 APPENDIX F-5. Strength of Runway end safety areas (RESA) 285 APPENDIX G - OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND REMOVAL 286 APPENDIX H - VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION....287 Page 5 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المدنيه General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES APPENDIX I - LOCATION OF LIGHTS ON OBSTACLES ....347 APPENDIX J - VISUAL AIDS DENOTING RESTRICTED USE AREA....355 APPENDIX K – ELECTRICAL SYSTEM....356 APPENDIX L – AERODROME OPERATIONAL SERVICES, EQUIPMENT, AND INSTALLATIONS....357 APPENDIX L-1. AIRCRAFT RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT .... 357 APPENDIX L-2. ARFF Qualifications 362 Appendix L-3. Courses 366 APPENDIX M – AERODROME MAINTENANCE....370 REFERENCES AND GUIDANCE MATERIAL ....371 ICAO DOCUMENTS RELATED TO THIS GACAR....371 Page 6 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA المنيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES SUBPART A – CERTIFICATION AND AUTHORIZATION § 139.101 General (a) This part is promulgated in accordance with the article 33 of the Civil Aviation Law of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which states that no civil aerodromes or airfields may be constructed, used, or invested in, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) without obtaining approval of the president. (b) The aerodrome design specifications, operations and management requirements for certification or authorization of aerodromes as prescribed in this part. § 139.103 Applicability (a) The requirements of this part are applicable to each person employed or used by an aerodrome operator conducting operations and are certified or authorized under this part. (b) This part prescribes the technical, operational and management requirements for the certification or authorization of civil aerodromes; be it international or domestic or for use of general aviation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). (c) This part is applicable to all civil /public / private aerodrome operators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (d) All heliports, inside the aerodromes and are operational as a part of the civil/ public aerodromes, must be certificated or authorised under GACAR Part-138. § 139.105 Aerodrome Classification and Certification/Authorization Requirements (a) For this part, aerodromes are classified as follows: (1) Civil/ Public Aerodromes: An aerodrome which is open to the public and serves aircraft operations offering scheduled or nonscheduled commercial air services. All civil /public aerodromes in KSA must be certificated under the provisions of this part. (2) General Aviation Aerodromes: Page 7 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES A General Aviation Aerodrome is an aerodrome, must be authorized under this part, which is used to serve aircraft operations for any purpose other than those listed in § 139.105 (a) (1) The General Aviation aerodromes include but not limited to the following: (i) Private Aerodrome: An aerodrome used for the operation of aircrafts for use by its owner or operator and not open to the public. the existence of an obstacle free zone when provided (ii) Flight Training Aerodrome: An aerodrome used by flight training schools for providing pilot training and used by the flight instructors, pilots, flight crews and trainees only. (iii)General Purpose Aerodrome: An aerodrome used for recreation, aerial work, or air shows to conduct the specified business of an organization other than those as mentioned in § 139.105 (a) (1). (b) All aerodrome operators must establish necessary facilities and install necessary equipment, appoint qualified & competent personnel for managerial and operational functions and develop documented procedures and manuals as per the requirements given in this part. (c) Civil /Public aerodrome operators applying for certification must nominate a suitable person to act as the Aerodrome Accountable Executive in accordance with GACAR Part-5 (§ 5.25(a) and (b)) in addition to nominating suitable personnel, who must be accepted by the President, for the following functional positions: (1) Persons reporting directly to the Aerodrome Accountable Executive i. Person In-Charge of the Aerodrome ii. Person In-Charge of Safety in accordance with GACAR Part 5 (§ 5.25(c)) (2) Persons reporting directly to Person in-Charge of the Aerodrome: i. Person In-Charge of Operations. ii. Person In-Charge of Maintenance iii. Person In-Charge of Rescue and Firefighting Services (RFFS). (d) The aerodrome operators requiring certification must submit customized documents and procedure manuals relevant to the operation. The operators applying for certification are required to submit the following documents and procedure manuals. (1) Aerodrome Manual; Page 8 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور والطاقات المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (2) Safety Management System Manual; (3) Security Manual; and (4) Aerodrome Emergency Plan Manual (e) The aerodrome operators applying for authorization only under Subpart-C, are required to nominate a suitable person to function as the Person In-Charge of the Aerodrome. (f) The applicant seeking the authorization under Subpart-C, may submit separate procedures or a customized procedures manual for aerodrome operation procedures, emergency procedures, safety management and security procedures. § 139.107 Person in Charge of the Aerodrome (a) The Person in Charge of the Aerodrome assumes the responsibility for the overall compliance of the certificated aerodrome with regulatory requirements of this part, assumes the direct supervision of the Person In-charge of Operations, Person In-charge of Maintenance, and Person In-Charge of Rescue and Firefighting Services (RFFS) in the certificated aerodrome, and reports to the Aerodrome Accountable Executive. (b) Depending on the size and complexity of the aerodrome and the suitability of the nominated person, the President may accept the Accountable Executive to hold the position of the Person in-charge of the aerodrome. (c) Depending on the size and complexity of the aerodrome and the suitability of the nominated person, the President may accept one person to hold the position of the Person In-Charge of the Aerodrome while holding any of the other positions in § 139.105. § 139.109 Aerodrome Management Personnel (a) Each aerodrome certificate or authorization holder must nominate adequately qualified management personnel or group of persons as specified in § 139.105 (c) and (e) whose responsibilities are to ensure that the organization complies with the requirements of the aerodrome operations, maintenance, and safety functions. (b) The certificate or authorization holder must appoint at least the minimum number of management personnel as specified in § 139.105 (c) and (e). Page 9 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاورم و المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (c) The Person in-charge of aerodrome operations is responsible for ensuring that the aerodrome operations are performed in accordance with the approved/accepted manuals and procedures and are in compliance with the requirements of this part. (d) The Person in-charge of aerodrome maintenance is responsible for ensuring that the aerodrome's maintenance program is carried out in compliance with this part. (e) The Person in-charge of aerodrome safety must satisfy the requirements of GACAR Part-5 (§ 5.25(c)) and reports to the Aerodrome Accountable Executive. (f) The Person in-charge of aerodrome rescue and firefighting services is responsible to establish and effectively manage all activities related to the rescue and firefighting services. (g) Except for the Aerodrome Accountable Executive and the Person In-charge of Safety, who must be appointed in accordance with GACAR Part-5, the management personnel specified in § 139.105 (c) and (e) must be appropriately qualified, experienced, and trained as acceptable to the President and all such details are to be described in the aerodrome manual. (h) The aerodrome management personnel must have relevant knowledge and skills to perform the duties and responsibilities, including adequate knowledge in the following subjects: (1) Civil Aviation Law and relevant GACARs. (2) Aerodrome Manual and Operations Procedures; and (3) Theory and practical knowledge related to their functions and responsibilities. (i) The President may authorize any management person in the organization, including the accountable executive to oversee additional management functions, depending upon the size, complexity of operations and suitability of the person. (j) The names and titles of the management personnel including additional responsibilities along with organizational chart must be listed in the aerodrome manual. (k) The aerodrome operator must identify an alternate person for each position to deputize; so that the management functions are smoothly discharged during a leave exceeding thirty days or during the absence of a management personnel. The names of deputizing personnel in each function are to be listed in the aerodrome manual. (l) All aerodrome operators, must have minimum number of personnel required for operation, safety, maintenance, and rescue and firefighting which must be determined based on a task resource analysis. § 139.111 Prohibition of the Problematic Use of Psychoactive Substances. (a) The requirements prescribed in GACAR Part-7 are applicable to all aerodrome operators certified or authorized under this part. Page 10 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA الطبيه العابو للطبيه المصريه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (b) No person be present on the movement area of an aerodrome which is certificated/authorized under this part while under the influence of any psychoactive substance, by reason of which human performance is impaired. (c) No aerodrome certificate /authorization holder allows a person, who appears to be or who conducts in such a manner or physical indications that the individual is under the influence of psychoactive substances (except a patient under medical care), be present on the movement area of the aerodrome. (d) Whenever the President has a reasonable basis to believe that a person is under the influence of psychoactive substances, the President may seek the person to undergo necessary examination or tests at the authorized medical center or lab to confirm whether the person is under the influence of any psychoactive substance. § 139.113 Specific procedures for Aerodrome Operations (a) The certificated or authorized aerodromes must allow operations of aircraft, for which the design, physical and operational characteristics of aerodrome, is suitable. (b) When operational parameters of an aircraft exceed the physical and operational characteristics of the aerodrome as mentioned in paragraph (a) above, the aerodrome operator must carry out an aerodrome compatibility study and take suitable actions to confirm the acceptable level of safety in operation, prior to permitting such operations. (c) Information concerning alternative measures, changes to operational procedures and operating restrictions, if implemented at an aerodrome and granted regulatory exemption to aerodrome operations, must be published in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). § 139.115 Maintenance Service Provider Acceptance. (a) Maintenance Service Provider. (1) No aerodrome certificate holder may outsource any aerodrome maintenance functions unless otherwise accepted by the President. (2) The aerodrome operator must, if maintenance services are subcontracted, recommend the maintenance service provider for acceptance of the President. (3) To obtain an acceptance, to utilize the services of an aerodrome maintenance services provider, an aerodrome certificate holder must submit a request in a form and manner prescribed by the President. (4) An aerodrome maintenance services provider will be evaluated by General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA) based on its ability to demonstrate proven related experience, adequacy of Page 11 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العابه للطيران العجني General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES competent personnel, an effective quality management system, equipment/tools, and any other requirements related to the aerodrome maintenance services provider's areas of involvement. § 139.117 Aerodrome Consultant Entity. (a) Aerodrome consultant is a legal entity that has the expertise in discharging the functions of designing, constructing and /or carrying out the supervisory functions. (b) The aerodrome certificate holder / operator is fully responsible to choose the appropriate consultant based on its ability to demonstrate proven related experience, adequacy of competent personnel, an effective quality management system, and any other requirements related to the consultant's areas of involvement. § 139.119 Inspection Authority (a) The President or his/her authorized representative has the authority to conduct planned inspections, unannounced spot inspection, audits and onsite verification of facility, documents, and records to determine the compliance with the regulatory requirements. (b) The aerodrome operator must allow the President or his/her representative to have unrestricted access to all the areas of the aerodrome. (c) When the President determines that a violation has occurred, the suitable legal enforcement action may be taken against the certified/authorised aerodrome as per the provisions of GACAR Part-13. The president may decide the circumstances or conditions under which the aerodrome certification or authorisation holder deals with violation which is observed during the internal process of audits and inspections. § 139.121 Exemptions (a) In case of any deviation from any aerodrome specification requirements that is permitted under the regulations in this part, an applicant must conduct an aeronautical study/safety risk assessment with the mitigation measures, if any for safe operation, as acceptable to the President. (b) Exemptions from the regulatory requirements or standards of this part must be processed as per the regulations stipulated in GACAR Part-11 along with an aeronautical study/safety risk assessment to be conducted by the aerodrome operator to provide an equivalent level of safety for safe operation. (c) A list of all granted regulatory exemptions must be included in the aerodrome manual as stipulated in Appendix B-1 to this part. Page 12 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور واللط-المحليه General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES § 139.123 Classification of Findings (a) A level-1 finding is any significant non-compliance with the GACAR Part-139 requirements which lowers the safety standard and capable of causing serious risk to the flight safety. (b) A level-2 finding is any non-compliance with the GACAR Part-139 requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly cause hazard to the flight safety. (c) A level-3 finding is an observation or recommendation to improve safety standards and/or achieve a better practice by addressing deficiencies that may lead to potential findings of level-2 if not corrected. (d) On receipt of notification of findings, aerodrome certificate holder must develop a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action is taken to the satisfaction of the President within a period agreed. Page 13 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA المنيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES SUBPART B – CERTIFICATION OF AERODROMES § 139.125 Aerodrome Certification requirement (a) The requirements for issuance of aerodrome certificate is applicable to the aerodromes open to the public and serves aircraft operations offering scheduled or non-scheduled commercial air services/operation. (b) No aerodrome operators are permitted to operate public aerodrome unless certificated as per the provisions of this part. § 139.127 Application for Certification (a) The application for certification of aerodrome must be submitted in a form and manner acceptable to the President. (b) The applicant must ensure that the aerodrome physical characteristics, facilities, services, and equipment installed and meet the requirements of this part. (c) The application for the aerodrome certification must be submitted in a prescribed form as mentioned in paragraph (a) above along with the following documents, manuals, approvals, agreements, and reports: (1) Statement of regulations compliance in prescribed form with completed compliance checklist; (2) List of management personnel along with Curriculum Vitae and relevant testimonials; (3) Aerodrome manual; (4) Safety management system (SMS) manual; (5) Aerodrome emergency plan manual; (6) Aerodrome obstacle survey reports; Page 14 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العلوه المطرايط المدنيه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (7) Aeronautical study report and/or safety risk assessment, if applicable; (8) Approval for operation of aerodrome from municipality; (9) Agreement for providing Air Navigation Services for aerodrome; (10) Aerodrome land ownership proof or lease agreement; (11) Environmental Permit from National Center for Environmental Compliance; and (12) Any other relevant documents as required by the President. § 139.129 Issuance of Aerodrome Certificate (a) An applicant may be issued with an aerodrome certificate upon confirming that the applicant meets the provisions of this part and no findings or deviations are reported or once the corrective action plans are accepted and mitigation measures are agreed upon. § 139.131 Validity of the Certificate (a) The aerodrome certificate is issued for a maximum period of five years and thereafter renewed for five years. It remains valid subject to the conditions that: (1) The organization is maintaining the compliance with requirements this part; (2) The certificate is not being surrendered or revoked; and (3) The President suspends or cancels the certificate. (b) Upon surrender or revocation, the certificate must be returned to GACA. § 139.133 Renewal and Amendment to the Certificate (a) The aerodrome certificate holder must apply to the President for renewal or reissuance of the certificate at least three months prior to the expiry of validity of the certificate or commencement of operations whichever is earlier. The application must be submitted along with the updated documents and duly completed checklists as per requirements given in §139.127. (b) The certificate holder must have procedures in aerodrome manual to notify the President of any changes in the organization's activities, locations or personnel. Page 15 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور والقطر المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (c) No aerodrome certificate holder must implement any major changes as mentioned in (b) above without prior acceptance of the President. Major changes are those changes that have direct or indirect influence on the safety of the operation including: (1) The physical characteristics of the aerodrome; (2) The location of the principal base of operations of the certificate holder; (3) The change of management personnel; or (4) The change in aerodrome manual, operating procedures, facilities, systems, or any work that may affect the safety of the aerodrome operations. (d) The certificate holder must apply in a form and manner acceptable to the president for acceptance of any major changes that affect the scope of certification and which require revisions to the aerodrome manual. § 139.135 Certificate Holder Responsibilities (a) The aerodrome certificate holder is responsible: (1) To maintain the aerodrome in accordance with requirements specified in the accepted aerodrome manual and requirement of this part; (2) To update and distribute the aerodrome manual among all stakeholders; (3) To appoint suitably qualified, trained, and experienced management personnel as required in §139.107 and §139.109 of this part; (4) To prepare, implement and monitor the service level agreements, in case any of the aerodrome services are outsourced; (5) To inform the President whenever services or facilities fall below the requirements prescribed in the aerodrome manual; (6) To be responsible for the aerodrome infrastructure development, change management and any other tasks that are carried out by the contractor at the recommendation of the design consultants and/or by the supervisory consultants as per the set standards; (7) To take the overall responsibility of aerodrome maintenance that is to be performed as per the approved standards; Page 16 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور واللطاقان العمريه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (8) To report safety occurrences including any incidents, serious incidents, and accidents to the President in accordance with the requirements stipulated in GACAR Part 4; and (9) To implement SMS in accordance with the requirement of GACAR Part 5. (b) Any other responsibility assigned by the President. § 139.137 Aerodrome Manual (a) Aerodrome operators who intend to apply for certification, must develop and submit an aerodrome manual for acceptance by the President. (b) Each aerodrome certificate holder must develop the aerodrome manual as per contents prescribed in Appendix B-1 of this part. (c) A signed copy of aerodrome manual must be submitted to the GACA in a print form. (d) Exemption granted from meeting the regulatory requirements must be published in the AIP. (e) Maintain at least one copy of updated aerodrome manual at the aerodrome and one copy at the operator's principal place of business if the place of business is other than the aerodrome. (f) Ensure that the appropriate portions of the aerodrome manual are readily accessible to aerodrome operating personnel for reference to discharge day-to-day activities. (g) Any proposed amendment to the aerodrome manual must be submitted to the President at least 30 working days before the proposed effective date unless a shorter filing period is accepted by the president. The relevant portion only of the amendments, to be made in the aerodrome manual, needs to be submitted. (h) The revised pages must be appended with the aerodrome manual once the amendments are accepted by the President. § 139.139 Safety Management Systems (a) The certificate holder must develop and implement Safety Management System (SMS) manual as per the provisions of GACAR Part- 5. (b) The SMS Manual, for the purpose of implementing the aerodrome SMS requirements as mentioned in 139.135 – (a) – (9), must be developed in accordance with contents stipulated in the GACAR Part- 5 and submitted to the President for acceptance. § 139.141 Competence of Personnel (a) The aerodrome operator must describe the following competency requirements in the aerodrome manual and ensure that the persons possess competency with regard to: Page 17 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور واللط-المحليه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (1) Relevant knowledge, skills, and experience in the respective field of aerodrome operation, maintenance, safety and rescue & firefighting; (2) Appropriate attitude towards safety and observance of procedures; and (3) Knowledge of the associated procedures of the certificate holders. (b) In accordance with the job functions, adequate initial and recurrent training must be provided to persons to ensure that continued competence is maintained throughout the duration of employment / contract and validity of certificate. (c) The training program must be developed so as ensure that each employee, assigned to perform the functions including operation, safety, rescue and firefighting, and maintenance, is capable to perform the assigned task effectively and efficiently. (d) The certificate holder must maintain the training records of all the personnel who have been imparted the training. (e) Each person in the organization must be assessed in accordance with the procedure as established by the aerodrome operator to ensure that personnel's competency is satisfactory for functions to be performed. (f) Each technical person such as from operations, rescue and firefighting, maintenance and safety disciplines must undergo refresher training at least once in two years. (g) The training program must be developed considering the requirements of relevant GACARs. Page 18 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA الهييه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES Page 19 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA العربيه العabama للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES SUBPART C – AUTHORIZATION OF AERODROMES §139.145 Authorization of Aerodromes (a) The issuance of aerodrome authorization is applicable to aerodromes as per the classification of aerodromes stipulated in §139.105. (b) No aerodrome operator is permitted to operate an aerodrome or provide services without obtaining prior authorization from the President for the type of operation. §139.147 Application for Aerodrome Authorization (a) The application for authorization of aerodrome must be submitted in a form and manner acceptable to the President. (b) The applicant must ensure that the aerodrome physical characteristics, facilities, aerodrome support services and equipment installed and meet the requirements of this part. (c) The application for the aerodrome authorization must be submitted in a prescribed form along with the following documents, approvals, agreements, and reports: (1) Statement of regulatory compliance along with completed compliance checklist; (2) List of management personnel and their Curriculum Vitae with relevant testimonials; (3) A customized procedures manual for aerodrome which includes, operation procedures, emergency procedures, safety management and security procedures; (4) Aerodrome obstacle survey reports; (5) Aeronautical study report and/or safety risk assessment, if applicable; (6) Approvals for operations of aerodrome from Municipality; (7) No objection certificate / letter for operations of aerodrome from SANS; (8) Aerodrome land ownership proof or lease agreement; (9) Environmental Permit from National Center for Environmental Compliance; and Page 20 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العام للطيران المدنيه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (10) Any other relevant documents as required by the President. §139.149 Issuance of Authorization (a) An applicant may be issued an aerodrome authorization upon confirming that the applicant meets the requirements of this part and no findings or deviations are reported or once the corrective action plans are accepted and mitigation measures are agreed upon. §139.151 Validity of the Authorization (a) The aerodrome authorization issued will remain valid, subject to: (1) The organization is maintaining the compliance with this part; (2) Provide access of aerodrome to GACA officers to determine continued compliance with the requirements of this part; (3) The authorization is not being surrendered or revoked; and (4) The President suspends or cancels the authorization. (b) Upon surrender or revocation, the authorization must be returned to the President. § 139.153 Amendment to the Authorization (a) The authorization holder must make the provisions for making an amendment in aerodrome operation procedures manual and to notify the President of any changes in the organization's activities or locations or personnel. (b) No aerodrome authorization holder must implement any major changes as mentioned in paragraph (a) above without obtaining prior approval from the President. Major changes are those changes that affects the standards stipulated in this part or have direct or indirect influence on the safety of the operation including: (1) The physical characteristics of the aerodrome; (2) The location of the principal base of operations of the authorization holder; (3) Change of management personnel; or Page 21 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العام للطيران العددي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (4) The change in the aerodrome operation manual, operating procedures, facilities, systems, any work that may affect the safety of the aerodrome operations. § 139.155 Responsibilities of the Authorization Holder An authorization holder of an aerodrome must: (1) Have a single point of responsibility for the authorized aerodrome for its management of safe operation, maintenance, and security as per the provisions of this part. (2) Conduct aerodrome operations which meet the safety management system requirements in accordance with GACAR Part- 5 as appropriate to the size and complexity of the operation. (3) Report safety occurrences to the President in accordance with requirements stipulated in GACAR Part 4. (4) Provide initial training to all technical personnel prior to assigning them on tasks independently, and conduct refresher training at least once in two years to ensure that competence is maintained throughout the duration of their employment or contract. Page 22 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES SUBPART D – DESIGN & ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AERODROME §139.161 Aerodrome Design and Location (a) A master plan containing detailed plans for the development of aerodrome infrastructure must be established by the aerodrome operator. (b) The master plan must: (1) contain a schedule of priorities including a phased implementation plan; and (2) be reviewed periodically to take into account current and future aerodrome traffic. (c) Aerodrome operator must consult other stakeholders, particularly aircraft operators, in order to facilitate the master planning process using a consultative and collaborative approach. (d) Architectural and infrastructure-related requirements for the optimum implementation of security measures must be integrated into the design and construction of new facilities and alterations to existing facilities at an aerodrome. (e) The aerodrome operator must give due consideration for design of aerodromes considering the land-use and environmental impact control measures. (f) The aerodrome usability factor and the orientation for approach and take-off direction must be considered during the project feasibility and at design stage; so that aerodrome is available for maximum time for operations. The usability factor must be at least 95 percent for public aerodrome for their intended operations. § 139.163 Aerodrome Reference Code (a) An aerodrome reference code (code number and letter) which is selected for aerodrome planning purposes must be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the aeroplane for which an aerodrome facility is intended. (b) The aerodrome reference code numbers and letters must have the meanings assigned to them in Table D-1. (c) The code number for element 1 must be determined from Table D-1, selecting the code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths of the aeroplane for which the runway is intended. (d) The code letter for element 2 must be determined from Table D-1, by selecting the code letter which corresponds to the greatest wingspan of the aeroplane for which the facility is intended. Page 23 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES <table><tr><td colspan="2">Code element 1</td></tr><tr><td>Code number</td><td>Aeroplane reference field length</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Less than 800 m</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>800 m up to but not including 1 200 m</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1 200 m up to but not including 1 800 m</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>1 800 m and over</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Code element 2</td></tr><tr><td>Code letter</td><td>Wingspan</td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>Up to but not including 15 m</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>15 m up to but not including 24 m</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>24 m up to but not including 36 m</td></tr><tr><td>D</td><td>36 m up to but not including 52 m</td></tr><tr><td>E</td><td>52 m up to but not including 65 m</td></tr><tr><td>F</td><td>65 m up to but not including 80 m</td></tr></table> Table D-1. Aerodrome Reference Code ((see § 139.163 (b) to (d)) §139.165 Permission for Design and Establishment of Aerodromes. (a) Any person or organization intending to establish an aerodrome, must apply in a form and manner acceptable to the President for prior permission. (b) The applicant must be the legal owner of the land or hold valid lease agreement or legal rights to use the land for the purpose of establishment of an aerodrome. (c) In case of engaging a specialized consultant for design or for discharging the supervisory function, the applicant must obtain prior permission from the President by submitting the details of the consultant in prescribed form. (d) Notwithstanding the permission granted to establish aerodromes or engaging aerodrome design consultants, the aerodrome operator must obtain certification or authorization prior to commencement of operations. Page 24 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاور والقطريه المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES §139.167 Application for Establishing an Aerodrome (a) The applicant must submit the following documents for the grant of permission to establish an aerodrome: (1) Application for establishment of aerodrome in the prescribed form; (2) Statement of compliance with regulations in the prescribed form; (3) Proof of ownership or lease rights of the land; (4) Environmental Permit from National Center for Environmental Compliance; (5) Aerodrome feasibility study report (including site selection, weather data, tabulated wind data, wind rose analysis, approach and take-off climb surfaces orientation, obstacle limitation surfaces survey, topographical area map, critical aircraft and mixed fleet details, aerodrome design and master plan with dimensions, visual aids - markings and lightings); (6) Aeronautical study report, if applicable; (7) Approvals for establishment of aerodrome from Municipality; (8) No objection certificate for establishment of aerodrome from SANS; and (9) Details of consultant entity, if appointed. (b) Any other relevant document(s) required by the President. §139.169 Grant of Permission (a) An applicant may be granted permission to establish an aerodrome, if the President considers that the applicant meets the requirements of this part; (b) The President may stipulate additional requirements or conditions that are necessary to be included to ensure aviation safety; and (c) The President may suspend or cancel the establishment permission, if convinced that applicant has violated the provisions of the permission or the GACARs that may affect the safety of operation. Page 25 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاليه للطيران المدني General Authority of Civil Aviation [Non-Text] GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES §139.171 Construction of Aerodrome (a) The applicant, once granted the establishment permission, must construct the aerodrome as per provisions of the permission and requirements of the relevant authorities for construction and in compliance with safety regulations. (b) The applicant must allow the GACA to inspect the aerodrome during the course of construction and that the construction takes place as per provisions of the establishment permission and meets the requirements of this part. Page 26 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA العربيه العامه للطيران المحلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES SUBPART E – AERODROME DATA § 139.201 Common reference systems (a) Horizontal reference system World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) must be used as the horizontal (geodetic) reference system. Reported aeronautical geographical coordinates indicating latitude and longitude must be expressed in terms of the WGS-84 geodetic reference datum. (b) Vertical reference system Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the relationship of gravity-related height (elevation) to a surface known as the geoid, must be used as the vertical reference system. (c) Temporal reference system The Gregorian calendar and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) must be used as the temporal reference system. § 139.203 Aeronautical Data. (a) Determination and reporting of aerodrome-related aeronautical data must be in accordance with the accuracy and integrity classification required to meet the needs of the end-users of aeronautical data. (b) Aerodrome mapping data must be made available to the certified aeronautical information services provider for aerodromes deemed relevant by President where safety and/or performance-based operations suggest possible benefits. Note 1. - Aerodrome data must be provided as specified in GACAR Part 175 and related guidance materials and ICAO PANS-AIM (Doc 10066). Note 2 - Guidance material concerning the application of Aerodrome mapping databases is provided in Appendix E-6 of this subpart. (c) Where made available in accordance with §139.203 (b), the selection of the aerodrome mapping data features to be collected must be made with consideration of the intended applications. (d) Digital data error detection techniques must be used during the transmission and/or storage of aeronautical data and digital data sets. (e) Specifications concerning the accuracy, integrity classification related to aerodrome-related aeronautical data, aerodrome mapping databases related provisions and digital data error detection techniques are contained in GACAR Part 175 and ICAO PANS-AIM (Doc 10066), Appendix 1. Page 27 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العاله المطير الحالي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (f) It is intended that the selection of the features to be collected match a defined operational need. (g) Aerodrome mapping databases can be provided at one of two levels of quality — fine or medium. These levels and the corresponding numerical requirements are defined in Radio Technical Commission for aeronautics (RTCA) Document DO-272B and European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (EUROCAE) Document ED-99C — User Requirements for Aerodrome Mapping Information. § 139.205 Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP). (a) An aerodrome reference point must be established for an aerodrome. (b) The aerodrome reference point must be located near the initial or planned geometric center of the aerodrome (all usable runways) and must normally remain where first established. (c) The position of the aerodrome reference point must be measured and reported to the President in degrees, minutes and seconds. § 139.207 Aerodrome and Runway Elevations. (a) The aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation at the aerodrome elevation position must be measured to the accuracy of one-half meter or foot and reported to the President. (b) For an aerodrome used by international civil aviation for non-precision approaches, the elevation and geoid undulation of each threshold, the elevation of the runway end and any significant high and low intermediate points along the runway must be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre or foot and reported to the President. (c) For precision approach runway, the elevation and geoid undulation of the threshold, the elevation of the runway end and the highest elevation of the touchdown zone must be measured to the accuracy of one-quarter metre or foot and reported to the President. Note. — Geoid undulation must be measured in accordance with the appropriate system of coordinates. § 139.209 Aerodrome Reference Temperature. (a) An aerodrome reference temperature must be determined for an aerodrome in degrees Celsius. (b) The aerodrome reference temperature must be the monthly mean of the daily maximum temperatures for the hottest month of the year (the hottest month being that which has the highest monthly mean temperature). This temperature must be averaged over a period of years. Page 28 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العلوه المطرايط المدنيه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES § 139.211 Aerodrome Dimensions and Related Information. (a) The following data must be measured or described, as appropriate, for each facility provided on an aerodrome: (1) Runway — true bearing to one-hundredth of a degree, designation number, length, width, displaced threshold location to the nearest meter or foot, slope, surface type, type of runway and, for a precision approach runway category I, the existence of an obstacle free zone when provided; (2) Strip runway end safety area stopway Length, width to the nearest metre or foot, surface type; and Arresting system – location (which runway end) and description; (3) Taxiway — designation, width, surface type; (4) Apron — surface type, aircraft stands; (5) The boundaries of the air traffic control service; (6) Clearway — length to the nearest metre or foot, ground profile; (7) Visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of runways, taxiways and aprons, other visual guidance and control aids on taxiways and aprons, including taxi-holding positions and stopbars, and location and type of visual docking guidance systems; (8) Location and radio frequency of any VOR aerodrome checkpoint; (9) Location and designation of standard taxi-routes; and (10) Distances to the nearest metre or foot of localizer and glide path elements comprising an instrument landing system (ILS) or azimuth and elevation antenna of a microwave landing system (MLS) in relation to the associated runway extremities. (b) The geographical coordinates of each threshold must be measured and reported to the President in degrees, minutes, seconds, and hundredths of seconds. (c) The geographical coordinates of appropriate taxiway center line points must be measured and reported to the President in degrees, minutes, seconds, and hundredths of seconds. (d) The geographical coordinates of each aircraft stand must be measured and reported to the President in degrees, minutes, seconds, and hundredths of seconds. (e) The geographical coordinates of obstacles in Area 2 (the part within the Aerodrome boundary) and in Area 3 must be measured and reported to the President in degrees, minutes, seconds and tenths of seconds. In addition, the top elevation, type, marking and lighting (if any) of obstacles must be reported to the President. Page 29 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED VERSION 9.0 Consult the GACA website for current version GACA العربيه العابه للطيران العMi General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES Note 1. — See GACAR Part 175 and Annex 15, Appendix 1, for graphical illustrations of obstacle data collection surfaces and criteria used to identify obstacles in Areas 2 and 3. Note 2. — PANS-AIM (Doc 10066), Appendix 1 and Appendix 8 provide requirements for obstacle data determination in Areas 2 and 3. § 139.213 Strength of Pavements. (Applicable until 27 November 2024.) (a) The bearing strength of a pavement must be determined. (b) The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron (ramp) mass greater than 5,700 kg must be made available using the aircraft classification number — pavement classification number (ACN-PCN) method by reporting all the following information: (1) The pavement classification number (PCN); (2) Pavement type for ACN-PCN determination; (3) Subgrade strength category; (4) Maximum allowable tire pressure category or maximum allowable tire pressure value; and (5) Evaluation method. (c) The pavement classification number (PCN) reported must indicate that an aircraft with an aircraft classification number (ACN) equal to or less than the reported PCN can operate on the pavement subject to any limitation on the tire pressure, or aircraft all-up mass for specified aircraft type(s). (d) The ACN of an aircraft must be determined in accordance with the standard procedures associated with the ACN-PCN method. (e) For the purposes of determining the ACN, the behavior of a pavement must be classified as equivalent to a rigid or flexible construction. (f) Information on pavement type for ACN-PCN determination, subgrade strength category, maximum allowable tire pressure category and evaluation method must be reported using the following codes: (1) Pavement type for ACN-PCN determination: <table><tr><td></td><td>Code</td></tr><tr><td>Rigid pavement</td><td>R</td></tr><tr><td>Flexible pavement</td><td>F</td></tr></table> Page 30 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA العربيه العاور والطب العليان العلي General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES (2) Sub-grade strength category <table><tr><td rowspan="2">High strength: characterized by K = 150 MN/m3 and representing all K values above 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR = 15 and representing all CBR values above 13 for flexible pavements.</td><td>Code</td></tr><tr><td>A</td></tr><tr><td>Medium strength: characterized by K = 80 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 60 to 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR = 10 and representing a range in CBR of 8 to 13 for flexible pavements.</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><td>Low strength: characterized by K = 40 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 25 to 60 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR = 6 and representing a range in CBR of 4 to 8 for flexible pavements.</td><td>C</td></tr><tr><td>Ultra low strength: characterized by K= 20 MN/m3 and representing all K values below 25 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR = 3 and representing all CBR values below 4 for flexible pavements</td><td>D</td></tr></table> (3) Maximum allowable tire pressure category: <table><tr><td></td><td>Code</td></tr><tr><td>Unlimited: no pressure limit</td><td>W</td></tr><tr><td>High: pressure limited to 1.75 MPa</td><td>X</td></tr><tr><td>Medium: pressure limited to 1.25 MPa</td><td>Y</td></tr><tr><td>Low: pressure limited to 0.50 MPa</td><td>Z</td></tr></table> (4) Evaluation method: <table><tr><td></td><td>Code</td></tr><tr><td>Technical evaluation: representing a specific study of the pavement characteristics and application of pavement behaviour technology.</td><td>T</td></tr><tr><td>Using aircraft experience: representing a knowledge of the specific type and mass of aircraft satisfactorily being supported under regular use.</td><td>U</td></tr></table> Page 31 GACAR Part 139 UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN DOWNLOADED Consult the GACA website for current version VERSION 9.0 GACA العربيه العلوه المطرايط المدنيه General Authority of Civil Aviation GACAR PART 139 – CERTIFICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND OPERATION OF AERODROMES Note - Refer Appendix E-1 for guidance on Standard Method for reporting the bearing strength of the pavement in terms of the Pavement Classification Number (PCN). (Applicable until 27 November 2024.) (g) Criteria to regulate the use of a pavement by an aircraft with an ACN higher than the PCN reported (overload operations) for that pavement in accordance with §139.213 (b) and §139.213 (c) must be as below: (1) For flexible pavements, occasional movements by aircraft with ACN not exceeding 10 per cent above the reported PCN; (2) For rigid or composite pavements, in which a rigid pavement layer provides a primary element of the structure, occasional movements by aircraft with ACN not exceeding 5 per cent above the reported PCN; (3) If the pavement structure is unknown, the 5 per cent limitation must apply; and (4) The annual number of overload movements must not exceed approximately 5 per cent of the total annual aircraft movements. Note: Also refer ICAO Annex 14 Volume I, Attachment A.20 and ICAO Doc 9157 Part 3 – Pavements, Chapter 2. (h) The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron (ramp) mass equal to or less than 5,700 kg must be made available by reporting the following information: (1) Maximum allowable aircraft mass; and (2) Maximum allowable tire pressure. Example: 4,000 kg/0.50 mPa. § 139.213 Strength of Pavements. (Applicable as of 28 November 2024.) (a) The bearing strength of a pavement must be determined. (b) The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of apron (ramp) mass greater than 5 700 kg must be made available using the aircraft classific …(565,088 more chars)